最佳实践的简短描述

Sustainable Ground Water Management through reducing pumping of the ground water to the extent of recharge. was integral part of the cropping system. The net effect of natural groundwater recharge conditions and demand side management of groundwater was visualized through static water level in the monitoring wells. Changing cropping patterns with low water requiring crops was the most crucial issue. Need based watering at critical stages of crop growth, check basin, sprinklers and drips methods in place of flooding Soil moisture conservation practices such as leveling, mulching, weeding, intercultural etc. Artificial groundwater recharge by trapping flash floods in abandoned open wells/bore wells or behind check dams, percolation pond and recharge structures.|

地点

Nandyal, Distt. Karnool, Andhra Pradesh |

指定地点内的自然环境简介。

Level land with less than 1-3% slope
Heavy soils , Vertisols with more than 30- 35% clay
Semi- arid,receiving 650 to 800 mm annual rainfall|

居住在该地点及/或附近居民的普遍社会经济状况

Main income sources; are Agriculture and related activities, Agricultural labor, Dairying, Vegetable cultivation. |
Many owe their land  and a few have taken land on lease from big farmers.
Farmers are poor and majority of them are below poverty line.

根据哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关），在确定建议的实践和相应的技术是否被认为是“最佳”时，应该基于哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关）？

Sustainable ground water management is mitigation strategy for combating DLDD. Ground water is the sole source of drinking water for survival. The practice will improve livelihood of the poor farmers. It will help improving land cover and carbon sequestration.

最佳实践解决的主要问题

1. Sustainable ground water management
2. Sustainable productivity of food and  fodder crops
3. Combating DLDD
4. Sustainable livelihood of the people

概述最佳实践解决的具体土地退化问题

Addresses rapid depletion of ground water important for combating drought and desertification, which are main causes of land degradation in dry lands. |

具体说明最佳实践的目标

1. Impart drought proofing to the area
2. Sustainability productivity from dry lands
3. Offers livelihood to the affected people
4. Rehabilitation  of degraded lands

按目标对主要活动进行简要的描述

1. Changing cropping patterns with low water requiring crops
2. Training modules dealing with water management, Integrated water management, Vermi-composting and pest control .
3. Improved varieties and farming practices
1. Ground water recharge by trapping flash floods in abandoned open wells/bore wells or behind check dams, percolation pond and recharge structures.
2. Restriction on sanction of unlimited number of tube wells.
3. Ground Water Budgeting and Matching Crop planning
1. Reducing pumping of the ground water to the extent of recharge.
2. Dissemination of groundwater information and Farmers decision making
3. Utilization of Indigenous as well as improved technology
1. Provides income for improved  livelihood of people
2. Mitigation of deteriorating ground water conditions
3. Prevents out migration due to degradation of land/water

本技术的简要说明和技术规范

Participatory hydrological monitoring by stakeholders. For Ground Water Budgeting and Matching Crop planning a rigorous net work was created by farmers to monitor daily rainfall, stream-flows, fortnightly water levels, and bore well discharge to provide real time data to community for planning judicious use of available ground water. Efficient water management practices both Indigenous as well as improved were utilized in the implementation of the program. Innovative approach of behavioral changes of users. Dissemination of groundwater information and farmer decision making.|

技术开发机构的名称和地址

Andhra Pradesh Farmer’s Manage Ground Water System (APFAMGS), Bharti Integrated Rural Development Society (BIRDS)|Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh)

这项技术是合作开发的吗?

是

列出合作伙伴:

1. Andhra Pradesh Goverrnment,
2. Bharti Integrated Rural Development Society
3. Farmers Community
4. Food and Agriculture Organization

具体说明该技术推广的框架

• 其它（请具体说明）

具体说明:

The project was conceived through FAO support in collaboration with National Government and NGO.

当地利益相关者（包括CSO）的参与是否促进了技术的开发？

是

列出涉及的当地利益相关者:

1. All the stakeholders participated  
2. A federation of NGOs led by BIRDS was responsible for designing and execution of  program
3. Interaction with National program at district level

对于上面列出的利益相关者，说明他们在该技术的设计、引入、使用和维护（如果有的话）中的角色。

Participatory hydrological monitoring by stakeholders, Management Committees and their Federations at Hydrologic Unit Network level. This group was also responsible for maintenance of the field installations.|

居住在该地区和/或附近的居民是否参与了该技术的开发？

是

通过什么手段？:

• 参与途径
• 其它（请具体说明）

具体说明:

Trainings

描述现场影响（按类别划分的两类主要影响）

A few tractors, bullock drawn seed drills, threshers and rain guns were made available in the village, which could be utilized by the farmers on custom hire basis. |
An unique knowledge based approach for mobilization of community.
The high water requiring crops such as paddy, sugarcane, groundnut and cotton have been almost replaced by red gram, Okhra, green gram and short duration variety (TGA37) of ground nut.|
A Shift from flood irrigation of crops to check basins, conservation furrow irrigation, sprinklers, drips and rain guns for spray of pesticides |
Improvement in land cover as well as biomass production helped carbon sequestration and off site impacts.
Peoples’ Institution, mutually Aided Cooperative Societies have been formed, which are acting as ground water monitoring committees.|
Improvement of ground water situation and drinking water facilities to people in dry areas.

描述两个主要的场外影响（即不是发生在现场，而是发生在周围区域）

Improvement in land cover has improved carbon sequestration having off site impact and global impacts
Dissemination of the model to other areas

对生物多样性和气候变化的影响

解释原因:

Improvement of land cover and biomass production improves soil biota and the biodiversity of drylands. Since there is higher carbon sequestration it would also effect the climate change. Drought proofing will act as preventive measure for land degradation.

是否进行了成本效益分析？

是否进行了成本效益分析？:

否

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？:

是

传播/引进到哪里？:

It has proved successful in seven districts of Andhra Pradesh in India

是否提供了促进采用该技术的奖励措施？

是否提供了促进采用该技术的奖励措施？:

是

具体说明激励的类型:

• 政策或监管激励（例如，与市场需求和法规、进出口、国外投资、研发支持等相关）
• 财务激励（例如优惠利率、国家援助、补贴、现金补助、贷款担保等）
• 财政激励（例如免税或减税、关税、费用等）

您能否确定目前最佳实践/技术成功的三个主要条件？

Replicable elsewhere with some level of adaptation;
Highly motivation of Stakeholders, farmers and their organization in to well structured  groups and cooperatives|
Replicable elsewhere with major adaptation

可复制性

在您看来，您所提出的最佳实践/技术可以复制到其他地方，尽管有一定程度的适应？:

是

适应程度如何？:

• 地方
• 次国家
• 国家

人力资源相关

1. Knowledge based approach is the best way to convince communities if they learn while doing the activity
2. Group actions in participatory mode are powerful tool to combat the ground water situations  
3. Indigenous as well innovative techniques were helpful in addressing the issues of ground water management.

与技术方面有关

1. The core message of the project is the demystification of science  and discerning otherwise invisible issues in an easy understandable language to mobilize masses
2. Empowering communities with skills and knowledge to collect, collate, understand implications of their actions and triggering discussions on possible options and initiating safe guard actions at the village level.  
3.Information based decision making goes a long way in addressing even the otherwise complicated issues