1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Central Asian Countries Initiative for Land Management (CACILM I)

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Pilot Program for Climate Resilience, Tajikistan (WB / PPCR)

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH (GIZ) - 德国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

23/08/2009

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 SLM技术问卷的参考

2.1 该方法的简要说明

Protection and rehabilitation of state forests based on joint long term agreements set up between the State Forestry Agency, and local forest users (in the frame of CACILM).

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Aims / objectives: In Soviet times, the Gorno Badakhshan Autonomous Region (GBAO) had been highly dependent on subsidised fuel for heating and cooking. After independence, as fuel could no longer be imported from the former Soviet Union, more pressure was exerted on the flood plain forests, leading to severe degradation of the resources through illegal felling and livestock grazing. The State Forestry Agency does not have the financial means nor adequate capacity to implement a sustainable forestry management system adapted to the changed political, socio-economic and ecological conditions. The main aim of this approach is the rehabilitation of degraded floodplain forests in collaboration with the local users. This can only be achieved, if local users can see that they will benefit from conserving and developing the forest. Also, the State Forestry Agency is supported in its restructuring and gets an opportunity to achieve the protection of the forest, and economic goals through forest products and income from the rented forest plots.

Methods: \'Joint Forest Management\' (JFM) means that governmental organisations and local users are involved in forest management on the basis of a contract with a duration of 20 years, valid under Tajik law, which defines the rights and obligations of all the parties. As a first step, and in order to ensure the protection of the plot, a fence has to be built to protect reforestation activities from livestock (see Technology TAJ366). Adequate irrigation of the forest areas is also supported. Forest tenants as well as Forestry Agency staff are also trained in sustainable forest management techniques. Progresses and challenges are regularly being monitored and technical advice is being given to forest tenants.

Stages of implementation: The implementation includes eight steps: (1) field check and meeting with village representatives, (2) information workshop, (3) general agreement with the whole community, (4) selection of tenants, (5) division of the plots, (6) signing of contracts with the individual tenants, (7) elaboration of management plans and annual plans for each tenant, and (8) monitoring of annual plans.

Role of stakeholders: The annual plan is based on a 5-year management plan for the respective plot. It determines the amount of work undertaken by the forest tenant as well as harvests and their shares to be obtained from the rented area in one year. The rental contract, the management plan, and the annual plan are mutually agreed on by the forest tenants and the Forestry Agency. Forest tenants develop a sense of ownership and responsibility for the sustainable use of forests and forest resources on their plot. The State Forestry Agency is responsible for control and technical advice.

2.3 该方法的照片

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

2.7 方法的类型

• 基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Income generation, income diversification, forest rehabilitation, improved access to forest resources)

Protection and rehabilitation of state forests based on joint long term agreements set up between the State Forestry Agency, and local forest users.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Limited management and control capacities of the State Forestry Agency, combined with a sudden increasing need for firewood resulted in an uncontrolled 'open access' situation in the floodplain forests of GBAO. People were using forest resources in an unsustainable manner, including uncontrolled felling and livestock pasture. This resulted in a large scale degradation of the floodplain forest resources.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	互动	Field visits, talks with village representatives, information seminar for the whole community.
计划	互动	5-year Management Plans and 1-year Annual Plans are developed for each forest plot, jointly by the land users and State Forestry Agency staff.
实施	互动	Live fence construction, irrigation rehabilitation, sharing of harvest.
监测/评估	互动	Completed via the close cooperation between the State Forestry Agency and GIZ, using interviews completed by project mobilisers, as well as monitoring of annual achievements.
Research	无

3.3 流程图（如可用）

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

• 主要是SLM专家，咨询土地使用者之后

解释:

The approach was developed and implemented in other geographical settings (South Asia) and adapted to the local conditions in GBAO. It is continuously being adapted, according to the practical experiences of SLM specialists and through consultation with the local forest tenants.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. GIZ project staff and forest specialists supported local users in implementing the Technology with some modifications.

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

是

明确受训人员:

• 土地使用者
• 现场工作人员/顾问

如果相关，请说明性别、年龄、地位、种族等。:

At first, so called 'community mobilisers' were trained, who further provided training for forest users.

培训形式:

• 在职
• 示范区域
• 公开会议
• 课程

涵盖的主题:

Sustainable natural resources management, technical forestry knowledge (planting, thinning) and elaboration of management plans.

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

是

指明是否提供了咨询服务:

• 在土地使用者的土地上

说明/注释:

Forestry training for tenants and forestry staff; Key elements: Sustainable natural resource management and use, Technical training in forestry management (planting and harvesting, fencing etc.)

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Government saw the good results gained from the Joint Forest Management approach, and is interested in continuing this approach.

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

• 是，非常

具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:

• 本地

具体说明支持类型:

• 财务
• 能力建设/培训

提供进一步细节:

The State Forestry Agencie's building was renovated and computers were provided for the Agency. Mobilisers were trained to conduct advisory services. Transport for field works was provided. The State Forestry Agency is being supported in its restructuring towards becoming a sustainable institution

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

注释:

Area treated aspects were regular monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: GIS and data base systems were established

No. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff, government through observations; indicators: based on the number of contracts, registered in data base

area treated aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government, land users through measurements; indicators: GIS and data base systems were established

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government through observations; indicators: annual monitoring (autumn)

no. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff, government, land users through measurements; indicators: based on the number of contracts

management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by None through observations; indicators: regular planning, reporting and evaluation

There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Regular adaptation of the approach after evaluation and analysis of field work results and occurring challenges.

There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: None

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

否

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算，请给出一个范围:

• 10,000-100,000

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

Approach costs were met by the following donors: local community / land user(s) (Implementation of measures in the forest are covered by land users): 10.0%; government (Provision of areas for JFM implementation, support of implementation): 10.0%; international (Full project organisation: meetings, workshops, technical advice): 80.0%

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

否

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

• 设备

• 基建

如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入，那么是不是:

• 获得其他物质支持

注释:

Also voluntary labour was an important input

5.5 其它激励或手段

是否有其他激励措施或工具用于促进SLM技术的实施？:

是

如果是，请具体说明:

The State Forestry Agencie's building was renovated and computers were provided for the Agency. Mobilisers were trained to conduct advisory services. Transport for field works was provided. The State Forestry Agency is being supported in its restructuring towards becoming a sustainable institution

6.1 方法的影响

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

• 是

若是，请说明如何维持:

Much interest among the land users as they have now legal access to the forest.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Trusting Forestry Agency (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Follow the rules established in the contracts and management plans.)
Benefit through legal access to forest products (firewood, construction, wood, fruits, etc)

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Improved forest protection and management (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Forest users have a sense of ownership and responsibility for the sustainable use of forests and forest resources. Close collaboration of the Forestry Agency with the forest tenants will be crucial.)
Benefit through legal access to forest products (firewood, construction, wood, fruits. etc) (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Contract guarantees user rights for 20 years. Good management assured through regular advice and monitoring by the Forestry Agency (twice a year in spring and autumn).)

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
At the beginning of the project, benefits seen to be gained from the forest are not high (especially wood)	Planting of fast growing bushes and trees, perennial, fodder crops.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
At the initial stage, financing of the approach without project (INGO) support is difficult	In the future, by increasing the productivity of the forest areas, more finances can possibly be made available to forest users and the forestry department.

7.1 方法/信息来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Forestry Sector Analysis of the Republic of Tajikistan, Joachim F. Kirchhoff and André Fabian, 2010

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Contact: jochim.kirchhoff@giz.de or michael.angermann@giz.de