1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Golden Valley agricultural research trust (Golden Valley agricultural research trust) - 赞比亚

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Ministry of Agriculture of Zambia (MoA) - 赞比亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

16/01/2013

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 SLM技术问卷的参考

2.1 该方法的简要说明

This is a collaborative process between researchers and farmers for developing and adapting new technologies that focus on incorporating the perspectives and inputs from the farmers into the development process.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Aims / objectives: (1)To stimulate active farmer participation in the technology development process so that local conditions and perspectives are integrated in the process. (2)Build the capacity of farmers to identify problems and contribute to selecting/improving technology options. (3) Raise farmers’ yields in a sustainable manner and ultimately contribute to increased net farm income.

Methods: A series of on-farm experiments are set up to test a range of technology options. These trials are implemented by the farmers so that vital feedback on which technology works and why it does so is collected. Suggestions for improvements are also collected, reviewed and incorporated into new designs or all together new technologies developed. The process is repeated until spontaneous adoption is evident before the technologies are promoted widely.

Stages of implementation: (1) Preparation of trial protocols for technologies to be tested (2) Identification of farmers and mobilization into farmer groups (3) Capacity building and increasing the knowledge base of farmers to effectively participate and contribute to development process. (4) Setting up of on-farm trials (5) Monitoring trials and collecting data/feedback from farmers (6) incorporation of feedback into technology development process and conducting on-station trials (7) technologies adapted or developed and introduced and the process is repeated.

Role of stakeholders: The approach was designed by national specialists where ‘best-bet’ technologies were pre-selected for testing. The role of GART was that of research and training of trainers. The supervision of the farmers was carried out by government extension workers who were supervised by the researchers and GART field technicians. The farmers implemented the approach and the decision on which technology to adopt was made by them. The land users also participated in evaluating the technologies and made suggestions on possible improvements. The decision on how best to consolidate these suggestions and incorporate them into the technologies was made by the specialists in consultation with the land users.

2.3 该方法的照片

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

2.7 方法的类型

• 基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Increasing agricultural productivity, improving livelihoods )

(1)To stimulate active farmer participation in the technology development process so that local conditions and perspectives are integrated in the process. (2)Build the capacity of farmers to identify problems and contribute to selecting/improving technology options. (3) Raise farmers’ yields in a sustainable manner through technology innovation and ultimately contribute to increased net farm income.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Unsustainable farming practices leading to environmental degradation and low agricultural productivity

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	互动	Approach inititated by specialists based on interactions with land-users from previous programmes
计划	被动	Planning was done by specialists although farmers were informed and consulted at every stage
实施	互动	Land users implemented the approach with the help of specialists
监测/评估	被动	Monitoring/evaluation was done by the specialists together with the land users as well as external evaluators
Research	互动	Research was done by the specialists together with the land users

3.3 流程图（如可用）

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

• 主要是土地使用者，由SLM专家提供支持

解释:

The choice of which technology to test was made by the specialist but the choice of which technology to implement was made by the land users

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

是

明确受训人员:

• 土地使用者
• 现场工作人员/顾问

培训形式:

• 农民对农民
• 示范区域
• 公开会议

涵盖的主题:

soil conservation and soil fertility improvement, how to use the conservation agricultural technologies, crop-livestock integration

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

是

指明是否提供了咨询服务:

• 在土地使用者的土地上

说明/注释:

Name of method used for advisory service: Training of Trainers; Key elements: trainig of goverment extension workers and NGOs promoting of conservation agriculture (CA), on-farm demonstrations, field days

Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; There are too few extension workers and there aren’t sufficient training manuals

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

• 是，适度

具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:

• 本地

具体说明支持类型:

• 能力建设/培训
• 设备

提供进一步细节:

Capacity building of local cooperatives and farmer associations, training of trainers and practical demonstrations

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

注释:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: Soil properties, moisture conservation

bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: soil miosture, soil fertility

technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: Yield, production area, labour, timeliness

technical aspects were None monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: equipment breakdowns

socio-cultural aspects were None monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: Gender, mindset, status

economic / production aspects were None monitored through observations; indicators: Yields, labour inputs, costs, income, adoption

no. of land users involved aspects were monitored through observations

There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: There was more emphasis on on-farm trials as the project went on with more training on weeding techniques and crop-livestock integration

There were several changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: The Magoye Ripper (T_ZAM003en) was modified to penetrate deeper and an altogether new technology called the Magoye Planter (Strip Tillage T_ZAM002en) was developed to overcome some of the constraints of the Magoye Ripper.

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

是

明确话题:

• 技术

提供进一步的细节，并指出是谁做的研究:

Research by GART focused on equipment development and adaptation of soil improvement technologies to make Conservation Agriculture (CA) a viable option for animal draft farmers

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算，请给出一个范围:

• 2,000-10,000

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

Approach costs were met by the following donors: local community / land user(s) (Land preparation by land user(s)): 100.0%

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

是

如果是，请具体说明支持的类型、条件和提供者:

Mostly contributions from EU supplemented by finances from commercial activities i.e. commercial crop production and contract research

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

• 设备

如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入，那么是不是:

• 自愿

注释:

GART only provided technical support while the farmer provided all the inputs, labour

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

否

6.1 方法的影响

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

• 是

若是，请说明如何维持:

Adoption rates for Conservation Agriculture are still fairly low indicating that the practice is still fairly new and the technologies still need to be adapted and refined to suit local conditions. The farmers still need technical support until the bottlenecks with the practices are addressed and there is evident spontaneous adoption. This all depends on how well research and planners respond to the current challenges.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Farmers well informed of current developments and technology advancements (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Training farmers on current developments and technology advancements)

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Farmers organizations strengthened (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Capacity building)
There is strong farmer involvement in technology adaptation (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Increase the farmers knowledge base to ensure effective participation)

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Too little emphasis on knowledge transfer and too much on practical demonstrations and ‘how-to’ training.	Focus more on understanding principles and technology selection

7.1 方法/信息来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Impact study on the acceptance of the Magoye Ripper, Piet Stevens, David Samazaka, Ab Wanders, Douglas Moono, 2002 Conservation farming in Zambia, Steven Haggblade, Gelson Tembo, October 2003 Social-economic analysis of conservation agriculture in southern Africa, FAO, 2011Conservation farming in Zambia, Conservation farming unit (CFU), 2011

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

GART/free onlineINDABA Project, Michigan State University/free onlineFAO/free onlinecfu@zamnet.zm

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Conservation farming in Zambia, Steven Haggblade, Gelson Tembo, October 2003

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

INDABA Project, Michigan State University/free online

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Social-economic analysis of conservation agriculture in southern Africa, FAO, 2011

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

FAO/free online

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Conservation farming in Zambia, Conservation farming unit (CFU), 2011

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

cfu@zamnet.zm