pipe water supply for drinking purpose [尼泊尔]
- 创建:
- 更新:
- 编制者: Sabita Aryal
- 编辑者: –
- 审查者: Fabian Ottiger
drinking water through participation of villagers
approaches_2591 - 尼泊尔
查看章节
全部展开 全部收起1. 一般信息
1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式
SLM专业人员:
Dahal Hemlal
Villagesv
尼泊尔
SLM专业人员:
Sintan Gangaraj
VDC, Chamrangbesi
尼泊尔
SLM专业人员:
Reeju Shrestha
尼泊尔
SLM专业人员:
prashanga Dhakal
尼泊尔
有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称(如相关)
Kathmandu University (KU) - 尼泊尔有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称(如相关)
Sarada Batase Village Development Committee (Sarada Batase VDC) - 尼泊尔1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件
(现场)数据是什么时候汇编的?:
02/01/2013
编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:
是
2. SLM方法的描述
2.2 该方法的详细说明
该方法的详细说明:
Aims / objectives: the village always lacked drinking water. People had to waste their extra time and effort to fetch water from rivers. this approach was born of combating the difficulty, thus to provide drinking water supply to their respective houses. This was the main aim of approach.
Methods: firstly, the experts from Bagmati Watershed Project measured. Their method was to observe and calculate directly with field visits. Then, project was completed with help of villagers. The maintenance was done by villagers themselves. The sources of water are lovated at the bank of river Policing in Lalitpur district and one at river Ghatte(Ghatte Khola) of ward number 2.
Stages of implementation: There are several stages of implementation:
stage 1: Expers from Bagmati Watershed Project firstly explore and measure the sources.
stage 2: Along with villagers, experts then planned and agreed upon the technology.
stage 3: Project then build the supply with labor donation from villagers themselves.
stage 4: Training was given to the villagers through meetings
stage 5: Maintenance is done by villagers themselves.
Role of stakeholders: Stakeholders ensured availability of resources, specified resources and their allocation. They were the pillars of success of this project as project went smoothly and successfully.
2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点
国家:
尼泊尔
有关地点的进一步说明:
Kavre
Map
×2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期
注明开始年份:
1994
终止年份(若不再采用该方法):
2002
2.7 方法的类型
- 基于项目/方案
2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标
The Approach focused mainly on other activities than SLM (supply of water)
To provide convenient drinking water for all houses
The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Lack of proper and convenient drinking water
2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件
法律框架(土地使用权、土地和水使用权)
- 启动
The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights moderately helped the approach implementation: No issue i.e. everyone approved water pipes passing through their land.
工作量、人力资源可用性
- 阻碍
lack of workers for building taps.
Treatment through the SLM Approach: participation of villagers carrying gravels for their respective taps.
其他
- 阻碍
lack of transport. Road had not reached the village yet.
Treatment through the SLM Approach: this problem was solved ny the project itself.
3. 相关利益相关者的参与和角色
3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责
- 当地土地使用者/当地社区
Participatory. There were no extra targets. Not exactly groups but it involved economically disadvantaged individuals/families. Though there were no special involvement or differentiation.
- 国家政府(规划者、决策者)
Group or stakeholders involved.
project under government supervision
3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段
当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与 | 指定参与人员并描述活动 | |
---|---|---|
启动/动机 | 互动 | |
计划 | 互动 | |
实施 | 外部支持 | |
监测/评估 | 自我动员 | |
Research | 无 |
3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策
具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:
- 主要是SLM专家,咨询土地使用者之后
解释:
initial research and use of technology was all done by the project itself.
Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by SLM specialists with consultation of land users. The leading role was of experts to decide or propose or explain the method to the villagers who then agreed.
4. 技术支持、能力建设和知识管理
4.1 能力建设/培训
是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训?:
是
明确受训人员:
- 土地使用者
培训形式:
- 公开会议
涵盖的主题:
The main training villagers got was learning by participation.
4.2 咨询服务
土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗?:
是
说明/注释:
Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Other projects are also contributing for supply of drinking water through new sources to unreached or insufficient supply areas.
4.3 机构强化(组织发展)
是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构?:
- 否
4.4 监测和评估
监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗?:
是
注释:
bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by other through measurements
technical aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations
socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations
area treated aspects were monitored by None through measurements
There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: no change in approach.
There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation
4.5 研究
研究是该方法的一部分吗?
是
明确话题:
- 生态学
提供进一步的细节,并指出是谁做的研究:
by project itself.
5. 融资和外部物质支持
5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算
注释(例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者):
Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (50,000): 71.45%; local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (15,000): 21.42%; local community / land user(s) (5,000): 7.13%
5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持?:
是
5.3 对特定投入的补贴(包括劳动力)
- 基建
具体说明哪些投入得到了补贴 | 程度如何 | 对补贴做出具体说明 |
---|---|---|
Supply pipe | 充分融资 | |
如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入,那么是不是:
- 自愿
注释:
They provided labour service to build their own taps.
5.4 信用
是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值?:
是
6. 影响分析和结论性陈述
6.1 方法的影响
该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术?:
- 否
- 是,很少
- 是,中等
- 是,支持力度很大
The water could be used for agriculture also for feeding cattle and the effort could be given to other agricultural activity.
该方法是否有助于社会和经济弱势群体?:
- 否
- 是,很少
- 是,中等
- 是,支持力度很大
Socially lacking. Like people blaned to be untouchables. The supply reached to their houses too.
该方法是否改善了阻碍SLM技术实施的土地使用权/用户权问题?:
- 否
- 是,很少
- 是,中等
- 是,支持力度很大
Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
- 否
- 是,很少
- 是,中等
- 是,支持力度很大
Milche, Saaldhara UDCs are known to adopt similar approach.
Did the Approach lead to improved livelihoods / human well-being?
- 否
- 是,很少
- 是,中等
- 是,支持力度很大
Approach helped save time and effort compared to labouring everyday for carrying water from the rivers.
Did the Approach help to alleviate poverty?
- 否
- 是,很少
- 是,中等
- 是,支持力度很大
Effort and time can be focused on other income generating activities like farming.
6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机
- 减少工作量
- Well-being and livelihoods improvement
6.3 方法活动的可持续性
土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施(无外部支持的情况下)?:
- 否
若否或不确定,请具体说明并予以注释:
They need economic and technical support for developing or extending major approach activities.
6.4 该方法的长处/优点
土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会 |
---|
The approach provided easy access to drinking water. |
It reduces unnecessary labor of carrying water. |
Users could now concentrate efficiently on agriculture. |
The water could be used for other purpose as well cooking, cleaning, agriculture, etc. |
编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会 |
---|
Main advantage is that approach reduced labor and saved effort and time of land users. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: A major lesson of this approach is self dependence. To enhance the result of this approach, the villagers must have acquired some technical and management knowledge. This knowledge will be helpful to continue getting results and to extend it. it will also e helpful and motivate the start of newer approaches.) |
It made villagers aware of how to use locally available resources for greater productivity. |
The approach helped villagers learn to tackle challenges to manage project unitedly. |
6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法
土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险 | 如何克服它们? |
---|---|
Need of constant repairing of pipes | |
water cannot be supplied to each of the houses. | The villagers can make shifts of people going for cleaning/surveillance of the sources. The sources should cover properly. |
编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险 | 如何克服它们? |
---|---|
Any technological achievement lead to conflict between those who are benefited and those not. | there should be a supreme body to manage these resources and to make regulation,rules and decision.Since this approach involves everyone, these can be conflicts and arguments frequently. Like if only one tap is available for group of houses/families, there can be conflicts. therefore, under united efforts of villagers, water use rights and regulations must e passed. |
Lack of supreme body to manage the water supply system | |
The source was not properly covered. It was prone to pollution. |
7. 参考和链接
7.1 方法/信息来源
- 实地考察、实地调查
- 与土地使用者的访谈
7.2 参考可用出版物
标题、作者、年份、ISBN:
Google maps, Google
可以从哪里获得?成本如何?
http://www.google.com
链接和模块
全部展开 全部收起链接
无链接
模块
无模块