1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Sustainable land management in the Russian steppes (KULUNDA / GLUES)

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Book project: Making sense of research for sustainable land management (GLUES)

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg (Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg) - 德国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

19/07/2016

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 SLM技术问卷的参考

2.1 该方法的简要说明

Field days are events for regional stakeholders, mainly farmers in the study area, to discuss their demands regarding scientific help, and to be informed about the activities and results of new methods and technologies for conservation agriculture.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Aims / objectives: The approach aimed at raising awareness, encouraging exchange and communication for new sustainable land management (SLM) technologies including no-till and minimum till. The main goal - implementation of improved SLM technologies – was intended to be achieved through capacity building and strengthening of the acceptance of new technologies Field days, organized at a partner farm/ study site in Poluyamki (Mikhailovski Rayon), were a suitable framework for the achievement of this goal. Another objective of the field day is cooperation and networking between farmers, scientists, representatives of the regional politics and administration, and commercial companies. This stimulates the exchange of knowledge and the dissemination of new information about SLM - which is very important for the successful implementation and evolution of the technology.

Methods: For effective presentation of the minimum and no-till cropping systems to the public, and to give everyone present at the field day the opportunity to inform themselves about conservation measures, an information point was set up by the project. For spread of information about research activities, results and recommendations, posters were presented - and leaflets and brochures were handed out. In this way it was possible to promote knowledge transfer from the scientists to the farmers, and to receive feedback.

Stages of implementation: Furthermore, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge exchange and discussion was initiated about the results and recommendations, which were based on the presentations given in the community centre. Due to the participation of many important local stakeholder groups, the field day was a suitable platform to contribute to network-building. Also, among the participants were private companies working in the agrarian sector. The cooperation partner of the research project, the Amazone company, also made presentations. In the study site the new tillage systems are already working. Furthermore the test farm unit in Poluyamki has also started to implement no-till and minimum tillage systems on fields outside the test farm, on farmer’s fields that do not belong to the project’s research sites and are not under the control of the project staff.

Role of stakeholders: Farmers are the stakeholders of primary importance, since it is hoped they will take up and implement the conservation technologies. Therefore most participants during the field day were farmers. Those invited are interested in new technologies and have the necessary financial power to invest in new technologies. The chances of successful implementation in their farms are very good. Most of these farms already have experience in conservation technologies. In the investigation area, about 20-30% of land is already cropped/ cultivated under some form of conservation soil tillage.

2.3 该方法的照片

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

2.7 方法的类型

• 基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Awareness raising for the importance of environmental as well as economic sustainability)

Improvement of technology adoption through: Awareness raising, knowledge exchange and transfer, capacity building

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: - Low agricultural production of conventional/ traditional farming systems
- Limited economic efficiency of conventional/ traditional cropping systems
- Lack of soil water and decrease of soil fertility under conventional/ traditional farming systems
- lack of technical knowledge to implement modern adapted technologies for cropping and cope with more extreme events such as drought

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	互动	Experimental plots, demonstration plots and field days were held on land users farms
计划	互动
实施	互动
监测/评估	互动
Research	被动

3.3 流程图（如可用）

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

• 主要是SLM专家，咨询土地使用者之后

解释:

The SLM specialists of the the KULUNDA project mainly make the decisions on the choice of the SLM technology in cooperation with the farmers.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by Project staff. At the beginning of the project a large interview campaign with relevant local stakeholders was conducted by the scientists of the KULUNDA-project. Based on the survey results, a decision on the implementation measures were made by the scientific staff on the German and Russian site with consultation with local stakeholder groups .

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

是

明确受训人员:

• 土地使用者
• 现场工作人员/顾问

培训形式:

• 农民对农民
• 示范区域
• 公开会议

涵盖的主题:

Competitiveness of agricultural enterprises, ecologically and economically effective farm management through the use of resource-conserving crop production, costs for introducing modern tillage systems, personnel management, monitoring systems

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

是

指明是否提供了咨询服务:

• 在土地使用者的土地上

说明/注释:

Name of method used for advisory service: Field days for demonstration and exchange; Key elements: The field seminar was a suitable platform for knowledge exchange on agricultural production in the Kulunda steppe, Capacity building: On-field demonstration as well as poster and presentations of project results and recommendations. Discussions in the field as well as in the lecture room allowed to address individual stakeholder questions and to suggest solutions. ; Training events in the vocational centre as a suitable way for knowledge transfer to farmers and specialists (training for trainers) in agricultural sector and capacity building.

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; There is already mainly a governmental advisory structure. The consultants are able to make recommendations for soil conserving technologies. However, international expertise and the demand of consultation by the farmers is too low.

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

注释:

Bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: crop and weed development, field emergence
Bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: physical and chemical soil parameters as well as soil water
Technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: observation of the functionality of the soil conserving technologies, placement accuracy
Technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: fuel consumption, yield,
Socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: attitude
Economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: input costs (labour seed, fertilizer, pesticide yield, profit margin
No. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations
Management of Approach aspects were ad hoc monitored by None through observations
There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

是

明确话题:

• 社会学
• 经济/市场营销
• 生态学
• 技术

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算，请给出一个范围:

• 2,000-10,000

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (German Ministry of Education and Research, BMBF): 50.0%; private sector (AMAZONE Company for land use technology): 50.0%

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

是

如果是，请具体说明支持的类型、条件和提供者:

by the agricultural company 'AMAZONE'

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

• 设备

• 农业

如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入，那么是不是:

• 自愿

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

否

6.1 方法的影响

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

• 是

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Opportunity for farmers to get information about new agricultural machinery and other products for implementing new conservation farming system (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: More intensive and profound consultation by agricultural companies regarding new conservation technologies.)
Exchange of experience in sustainable land use technologies between the farmers (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: More participating farmers and a constant exchange between not only on the field days)
Land user, specialists and advisers all get to know about new technical findings and basic research (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Regular meetings between the stakeholders. Inclusion of knowledgeable and successful farmers will increase the acceptance of the results presented.)

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Network building - strengthening and extension of the stakeholder platform. This platform includes different stakeholder spheres: extension service, land users, those in education, scientists, other support systems (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: By inviting various stakeholder groups and by creating opportunities for communication between participants.)
Participation of land users allows farmer-to-farmer learning (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Inclusion of different stakeholders for broad knowledge transfer. Large number of visitors helps to disseminate knowledge.)

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Great organizational effort	More external support of field days for farmers.
Because of the high number of participants and the time limit field days are not well suited for coaching of individual farmers	Intensification of extension services. Initiation of additional events for advising.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Reconciliation of basic research and applied research	Intensified cooperation between researchers and practitioners like farmers or agricultural companies
Limited duration of the project	By enhancing continuity of measures that are independent of the project. Strategy to initiate and promote the engagement of local partners such as the agricultural university or farmer associations / groups.

7.1 方法/信息来源