方法

Protection and sustainable of mountain ungulates [塔吉克斯坦]

创建： 05/15/2011 midnight
更新： 07/07/2017 10:05 a.m.
编制者： Natalia Mityakova
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审查者： David Streiff

approaches_2678 - 塔吉克斯坦

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1. 一般信息

2. SLM方法的描述

2.1 该方法的简要说明

The sustainable use of wild mountain ungulates by local peoplefor eco-tourism, hunting tourism and subsistence hunting stimulates the protection of the populations and habitats of these species thus providing an alternative and adapted land-use option contributing to climate resilience trough biodiversity conservation, avoidance of desertification and diversification of land-use.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Aims / objectives: Protection and sustainable use of wild mountain ungulates (ibex, markhor, argali, urial) in Tajikistan.

Methods: Assignment of hunting grounds to organizations (private or non-commercial, non-governmental) established by local people. Protection of the animal populations against poaching, elaboration and implementation of management plans, population monitoring. Based on monitoring results issuing of permits for use of animals. Use of permitted quota for hunting tourism and subsistence hunting. Additionally eco-tourism (non-consumptive).

Role of stakeholders: Local people, in particular active and former hunters are the main actors. Collaboration witth state agencies in charge of nature protection and hunting and with scientific institutions as well as with touroperators is supported by the project.

Other important information: The approach has in fact been implemented already since the 1990s, without project support. With project assistance it is refined, more focussed on community involvement and sustainability of used wildlife populations.

2.3 该方法的照片

媒体库

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

国家:

塔吉克斯坦

区域/州/省:

Tajikistan/Khatlon and GBAO

有关地点的进一步说明:

Shuroabad, Darvaz, Rushan, Ishkashim, Murghab

注释:

The approach is applied in several model areas supported by a German development aid project and in large privately managed game management areas of up to 2,000 km². Model areas of the project are of 20 to 500 km².

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

注明开始年份:

2008

2.7 方法的类型

基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (wildlife monitoring, involvement of local communities, sustainable hunting, trophy hunting, subsistence hunting, ecological tourism)

Populations of wild mountain ungulates are stable and in the range of the natural carrying capacity. Their sustainble non-consumptive and consumptive use supports local people and local rural development. The benefits from the sustainable use of mountain ungulates stimulates their protection and the protection of habitats, thus avoiding loss of biodiversity and land-degradation.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Extirpation of wild mountain ungulates due to illegal and/or unregulated hunting and degradation of their habitats. This leads not only to loss of biodiversity but as well to the loss of land-use options. Well managed wild animals are less critical in terms of land degradation than livestock grazing.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

社会/文化/宗教规范和价值观

阻碍

Difficulties to collaborate within the communities, tendencies to purchase individual interests seperately.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Group facilitation. Insisting in large management units, collectively managed.

财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性

阻碍

Lack of immediate income from wildlife. Expectations of external payment for work as rangers.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Support with initial investment into needed equipment. Support of eco-tourism and hunting tourism development providing at least initial income.

机构设置

阻碍

So far no community could become wildlife manager. All initiatives are based on private organizations or NGO.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Facilitation of linkages between wildlife managing organizsations and community institutions.

法律框架（土地使用权、土地和水使用权）

阻碍

Long delay in assigning responsibility and authority for managing hunting grounds to community based organizations. Hesitance to devolve power to local people. Some species cannot yet been legally used due to national and international legal restrictions.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Facilitation, support to state agencies in charge to develop adequate contracts. Support to improvement of national legal framework. Information of relevant international organizations and foreign decision makers on the impact of existing regulations.

了解SLM，获得技术支持

阻碍

Population estimates for mountain ungulates are technically difficult and assumptions necessary to be fulfilled for estimates based on limited samples rarely fulfilled.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Instead of population estimates index surveys providing minimum numbers are conducted and the methods are refined. The results of these index surveys are used for a careful and conservative suggestion of quota for sustainable use.

3. 相关利益相关者的参与和角色

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

当地土地使用者/当地社区

Local users are the main actors in the model areas. They are supported by the project staff

Women are usually not much interested in hunting related issues. But they are intensively involved in tourism related activities.

In the community based NGO participate socially and economically disadvantaged groups. In particular the people living in remote mountain villages with limited income opportunities.

International NGO gives technical advise

National NGO is project implementer.

私营部门

Private conservancies and hunting concessions

国家政府（规划者、决策者）

Involvement of experts of relevant agencies. Close cooperation on all issues.

国际组织

Financial support and inclusion in GIZ's regional programme on sustainable use of nature resources in Central Asia.

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	自我动员
计划	外部支持
实施	互动
监测/评估	外部支持
Research	互动

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

主要是土地使用者，由SLM专家提供支持

解释:

Decisions were made in the frame of the project in workshops of interested community members involved in use of wildlife. Facilitation by the project's experts.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. All work is discussed in the local groups with support by the project's experts.

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