1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Environmental Land Management and Rural Livelihood Project

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Aga Khan Foundation (AKF) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

20/07/2016

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 SLM技术问卷的参考

2.1 该方法的简要说明

In this approach the inclination of pasture land and its effect on the spread of sun and shadow is used to identify different periods for grazing. This simple approach will raise awareness and provides biological aspects in pasture management. In this approach the vegetation cover of the pasture is linked to the position of the sun. This is specific to mountain areas, where in one location vegetation periods can differ in two spots although they are in the same location.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Considering pasture's geographical location and its inclination to the sun is identified as an important element of devoloping rotational grazing plans. Because of the mountainous geography of the area, within certain pasture areas one part can be sun inclined and the other is shadowed. This is effecting the vegetation growing process, since on the sun inclined part the vegetation is growing faster compared to the other where sun is reaching later. Communities in the past did not take this into consideration and grazed in both areas at the same time. This leads to degradation in the areas where vegetation did not grow properly. On the other side if the areas inclined to the sun are not grazed in time they dry up.
The main objective of this approach is to apply an ecosystem based adaptation approach in pasture use, with vegetative periods for different areas and locations. By applying this approach communities will be enabled to organize grazing plans correctly and to prevent pasture degradation.
The implementation period will start from the planing phase up to the implementation of the pasture plan. Mainly livestock owners and the PUU management is involved in the implementation of this approach. Pasture users will be mobilized according to the grazing plan, in which part of the pasture when to graze with taking into consideration the position to the sun. Beside land users, the local government is also involved to ensure sustainable use of this approach as one of the techniques in prevention of pasture degradation.
Based on the existing traditional community knowledge and experiences the communities identify the geographical location. Based on this knowledge while developing the grazing plan for the year in a meeting in a participatory manner they do community resource mapping, where the location of resources is provided. After preparing the community resource maps, especially with focus on pasture resources they mark the plots according to assigned attributes. Based on these attributes, where the important features is pasture exposition, a timeframe for grazing for each plot is set up.
Livestock owners are very much in favor to implement this approach as a simple method to prevent degradation and raising awareness on importance of periodic and systematic use of pasture lands. It was not well perceived well by some individual livestock owners, who abused the absence of grazing plans and benefited from early use of grazing without considering the degradation of the pastures.

2.3 该方法的照片

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

2.7 方法的类型

• 传统/本土

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The main aim of this approach is to set up clear timeframes for grazing in different plots of the pasture. When the pasture plot is sun inclined this will define the grazing time earlier, because the vegetation grows faster and bigger. On the other hand the pasture plot which is in the shadowed part is grazed later after winter, because the grass should reach a certain height before grazing.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	自我动员	Land users and their community structure is traditionally aware of this approach and consider it in their planning process.
计划	自我动员	Once a community initiates its pasture plan they take this approach into consideration.
实施	自我动员	The plan is developed in a participatory way with involvement of all stakeholders and agreed on. The grazing location within different timeframe is implemented by the responsible person according to the plan.
监测/评估	自我动员	Community leaders or PUUs management assign responsible people to follow up on the approved grazing plan and follow up on the progress by reporting to them.

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

• 仅限土地使用者（自主）

解释:

This is a specific grographycally bound approach, where land users themselves take initiative.

明确做出决策的依据:

• 个人经验和意见（无记录）

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

否

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

否

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

• 否

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

否

注释:

Communities themselves follow up according to their plan.

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

否

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

no special budget is required to implement this approach

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

否

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

• 无

如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入，那么是不是:

• 自愿

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

否

5.5 其它激励或手段

是否有其他激励措施或工具用于促进SLM技术的实施？:

是

如果是，请具体说明:

Some people usually try to graze in those plots which are exposed to sun and the vegetation is growing earlier. Especially farmers who are limited in fodder crops start grazing earlier. They are provided with some incentives to balance fodder and livestock number and are not permitted for earlier grazing.

6.1 方法的影响

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

• 是

若是，请说明如何维持:

The approach does not require technical knowledge in implementing SLM technology. It therefore is simple and mobilized communities can sustain it for a long time once practiced successfully.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
cost effective, simple to apply and produces good effects
simple techniques, easy understandable, based on traditional knowledge
can be applied in big areas

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
traditionally practiced and adapted to local conditions
cost effective and easy to document and provides evidence based results in a short period of time
could be replicated in all other mountain areas

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
not considered within other factors, like meteorological	Research could be applied to study it on scientific evidence.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
If overall pasture management is not planned properly and managed chaotically, the uncontrolled use of this approach can easily contribute to pasture degradation.	It should be well documented as it is a simple and effective approach in degradation prevention.

7.1 方法/信息来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Pasture and Livestock Management Plan of PUU Soyru, 2015

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

from community, free of cost