1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands in Kandy, Badulla and Nuwara Eliya Districts in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - 意大利

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka (AGRI.PDN) - 斯里兰卡

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka (DOA) - 斯里兰卡

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Cargills (Ceylon) PLC (Cargills) - 斯里兰卡

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

24/02/2022

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 SLM技术问卷的参考

2.1 该方法的简要说明

A private-public partnership overcomes constraints that vegetable farmers encounter when adopting novel SLM technologies and Good Agricultural Practices. The private sector helps with marketing, value addition, certification, and financial support. The public sector fulfils farmer training needs through (for example) Farmer Field Schools using digital platforms.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

This approach was implemented in vegetable growing lands in hilly and rolling terrain, where the average annual rainfall is relatively high: Wet zone (>2500 mm) Intermediate zone (1750-2500 mm-short dry periods). Controlling soil erosion is crucial in these regions. Further, overuse and misuse of agrochemicals are common among the farmers. On the other hand, farmers experience lack of market opportunities, lack of technical and financial support and water scarcity in the intermediate zone which restricts farming to 1 or 2 cropping cycles. This approach aims to support vegetable growers by providing financial and technical support to implement technologies to minimize soil erosion and increase fertilizer and water use efficiencies, while providing adequate market opportunities and product value addition.
In the field, the following technologies were implemented as a package: plastic mulch, terracing, drip irrigation systems, fertigation units and insect proof nets. Furthermore, capacity development programs were implemented along with continuous monitoring, financial support was provided to adopt the technologies. The market opportunity was expanded via value addition through “GAP-certification" (GAP = Good Agricultural Practices) and facilitating easy and secured access to market via private sector involvement.
By adopting this technological package farmers were able to reduce the fertilizer use by about 70-80 % via "fertigation" - that is fertilizer mixed in irrigation water. Further, the pest attacks and need of insecticides were significantly reduced due to insect proof nets. The weed growth was negligible due to the plastic mulch which reduced the labour cost significantly as previously, farmers used to control weeds manually. Soil erosion was minimal due to plastic mulch used over the contour terraces. The water use efficiency was improved via drip irrigation and the farming was not affected by the short drought periods. The overall cost reduction that the farmers experience by adopting this technological package was about 20%. Further, the yield increase was about 20%, which raised the profit by 30%. Proper use of pesticides with adequate safety measures and safe disposal of the pesticide containers are mandatory to be qualified for GAP-certification. Farmers that adopt this approach collect pesticide containers in a designated place in the farm.

The implementation of the approach was as follows:
1.Discussions between Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (FAO) and Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka (DOA) to develop a private-public partnership (PPP).
2.Call for proposals from private sector supermarket owners and exporters.
3.The proposal of Cargills (Ceylon) PLC was accepted.
4.Areas with easy access to Cargill’s vegetable collection centers were selected for the pilot programme, namely Haguranketha and Nuwarleiya, Boralanda and Bandarawela.
5.Eighty progressive farmers who had been providing vegetables for the already established vegetable collection centers were selected for the initial program.
6.Farmer awareness programs and Farmer Field Schools were conducted on the technological package, the GAP certification process and market arrangements.
7.The technical package was installed in farmers’ fields. Farmers were supported financially to obtain raw materials and cover the capital cost (for polythene, drip irrigation systems, insect-proof nets and accessories, fertilizers and pesticides). The cost estimated to implement the package was Rs. 300,000 for quarter of an acre (Rs. 2.96 million/ha = approx. UD$ 8950/ha). Cargills and the FAO funded RDAL (Rehabilitation of degraded agricultural lands in the central highlands of Sri Lanka) shared 2/3 of the material cost. The rest of the cost was borne by the farmer. Cargills Bank provided low interest loans to farmers to cover their share of the capital cost.
8.Continuous monitoring and capacity development and motivational programs were implemented via field visits and WhatsApp groups.
9.GAP-certification was provided for the vegetables.
10.A market was provided by Cargills with a guaranteed 10% premium above the standard rate.
11.Alongside the implementation processes, other developments took place. These included: supply of fertilizers and pesticides to farmers and provision of study scholarships for children of the farmers by Cargills.

The limitations of the approach are as follows: first, reluctance of the farmers to follow the rigorous record-keeping process necessary to obtain the GAP-certification; second, the absence of a proper methodology to recycle or upcycle the pesticide containers; third, the on-going lack of consumer awareness about the GAP-certified products.

2.3 该方法的照片

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

2.7 方法的类型

• 基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

This approach aims to support vegetable growers by providing financial and technical support to implement technologies to minimize soil erosion and increase fertilizer and water use efficiencies, while providing adequate market opportunities and product value addition via GAP-certification.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	被动	Though the progressive farmers were selected from the farmers who sell their produce to the Cargills (Ceylon) PLC collection centres at the initial phase of the project, new farmers were motivated to implement the approach when they observed the success of the neighbouring farmers.
计划	无	The planning phase of the approach totally governed by the RDAL project team with the assistance of the private and government sector stakeholders.
实施	外部支持	Farmers directly involved with the implementation phase of the approach.
监测/评估	互动	Farmers were actively involved with the monitoring and evaluation process of the approach by discussing the problem faced by them and finding solutions with the help of AIs. Farmers collectively shared their experience and those feedback helped for the evaluation process of the approach.
Expansion	外部支持	The children of the farmers are given study scholarships by the private sector partner.

3.3 流程图（如可用）

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

• 主要是SLM专家，咨询土地使用者之后

解释:

Selection of technologies to be implemented in the approach was done based on the discussions between the FAO representatives, DOA officials and Cargills (Ceylon) PLC. AIs of DOA have been closely working with the farmers; hence, their experience was very helpful to select the best technologies to be implemented in farmer fields.

明确做出决策的依据:

• 对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估（基于证据的决策）
• 个人经验和意见（无记录）

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

是

明确受训人员:

• 土地使用者

培训形式:

• 在职
• 农民对农民
• 示范区域

涵盖的主题:

Establishment and maintenance of GAP technology in farmer fields, irrigation management (drip irrigation), pests and disease management, fertilizer application through drip irrigation (fertigation), post-harvest technology, nursery management

注释:

Training programs mainly focused on establishment and maintenance of technology package according to standards and identification of pest and disease problems. Training programs are held in fields as farmer field schools. Those training programs are organized and conducted by AIs of the DOA and Agricultural Officers of Cargills (Ceylon) PLC. A training program provides information from the establishment of the technological package to harvesting of the fresh produce

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

是

指明是否提供了咨询服务:

• 在土地使用者的土地上

说明/注释:

AIs of DOA and agricultural officers of Cargills (Ceylon) PLC visit farmers frequently to guide farmers and train them for better management of the technologies in the field

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

• 否

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

若是，该文件是否用于监测和评估？:

是

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

否

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

说明该方法中SLM部分的年度预算，单位为美元:

165000.00

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

FAO and Cargills (Ceylon) PLC are main sources of funding to implement the approach

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

是

如果是，请具体说明支持的类型、条件和提供者:

At the implementation, the farmers receive materials worth of 260,000 LKR, which consists of drip irrigation system, plastic mulch and insect proof net. This covers 2/3 of the cost of implementation. The rest of the cost, mostly the labor cost, is borne by the farmer. The farmer was given the choice of receiving a low interest loan through Cargills Agro-development Company and Cargills Bank, the subsidiaries of Cargillls (Ceylon) PLC to cover their share of the capital cost.

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

• 设备

如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入，那么是不是:

• 以现金支付

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

是

对条件（利率、回报等）进行具体说明:

The interest rate of the loan is 8%, repayable in 2 years with a grace period of 6 months

请具体指明授信方:

The loan is provided through Cargills Agro-development Company and Cargills Bank, subsidiaries of Cargillls (Ceylon) PLC

请具体指明信贷接收人:

Farmers

5.5 其它激励或手段

是否有其他激励措施或工具用于促进SLM技术的实施？:

是

如果是，请具体说明:

If yes, specify: Cargills (Ceylon) PLC prioritize the project farmers when purchasing the produce at collection centres and also they provide packing and branding materials under Cargill’s Good Harvest Brand. A 20% extra payment, above the normal purchasing price, is made for GAP-Certified, ‘Good Harvest’ branded products, subject to a minimum and maximum amounts of Rs. 10.00 and Rs. 30.00 per kg respectively.

6.1 方法的影响

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

• 是

若是，请说明如何维持:

The assurance of the market for value added products via well-established market chain of the Cargills (Ceylon) PLC is a major reason behind the sustainability of the approach.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Increased vegetable production compared to the conventional and traditional agricultural management practices.
Reduced cost for labour for establishment of the crop, irrigation, pesticide application, weeding and for other maintenance activities.
Financial benefit obtained by the lower requirement of fertilizers and agrochemicals
The number of cropping cycles was increased in regions where short drought periods exist.
Selling the produce for a higher price due to value addition via certification.
Minimizes the involvement of middlemen in selling farmer’s produce for market helps to increase the farmer’s profit and also benefits the seller, Cargills (Ceylon) PLC, ultimately the consumer.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Minimum soil erosion due to use of plastic mulch and terraces. The lands are susceptible for erosion by water due to relatively high rainfall intensity and the hilly-rolling terrain. The control of soil erosion is curial to maintain sustainable land use in the region.
The inorganic fertilizer use was reduced by 70-80%. Use of pesticides was significantly reduced. Soil nutrient enrichment and pollution of soil and water sources were minimal.
Increased vegetable production helps for the food security of the country.
Improves the quality of the fresh produce.
Increased water use efficiency.
Uplifting the quality of life among the rural farming community.
Attraction of young community for farming.

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Maintaining the technology under field conditions is difficult due to the cause of natural factors (eg: High winds break the insect proof net).	The effect of natural factors on structures of the technology can be minimized by establishing those structures suitable for specific natural conditions. Live wind breakers (Rows of trees) can be established.
Discard of plastic materials (insect proof net and plastic mulch) when their lifespan is over.	Implementation of waste disposal method is required and need to look for possible recycling options.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The farmers of older generation are somewhat reluctant to adopt the approach, mainly because of rigorous record keeping process	This can be overcome by conducting advisory programs and extension services targeting specific groups of farming communities
Requirement of more financial support to cover the capital	Provide more subsidies and loans
Lack of consumer awareness about "Gap-certified products"	Advertising

7.1 方法/信息来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Crop production under GAP certification, Seed certification service, Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka, 2019 (in Sinhala language)

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Freely available at the Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka Website: https://doa.gov.lk/scs-gap-certification/

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Good Agricultural Practices for Solanaceae family crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka, 2016 (in Sinhala language)

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Freely available at the Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka Website: https://doa.gov.lk/scs-gap-certification/

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Sustainable Land Management through GAP certification (Project proposal), Cargills (Ceylon) PLC, April-2019

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Good agriculture practices (GAP) certification (in Healthy Soil Matters). Food and Agriculture Organisation of United Nations, Sri Lanka

URL:

https://sricat.net/images/Healthy-Soil-Matters---English-compressed.pdf

标题/说明:

An interview on implementation of the approach among vegetable cultivating farmers in upcountry. It gives information on involvement and roles of different sectors to popularize the approach among farmers.

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qChXPYnb0Wc

标题/说明:

Sl-GAP certification portal

URL:

http://www.slgap.doa.gov.lk/