1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 SLM技术问卷的参考

2.1 该方法的简要说明

Negotiation with the stakeholder community of a catchment on social incentives to be offered by external agency in exchange of additional inputs by the communty to be invested into soil and water conservation measures.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Aims / objectives: The overall purposeof the approach is to achieve sustainable land management without direct incentives such as food-for-work, cash payment, etc. Instead, the community is contracted through a negotiation process to invest into conservation without any direct incentives. Instead, the community will be entitled to select a social investment in their territory which conforms to its most pressing needs, e.g. a clinic, a school, a road, etc. Specific objective is to persuade farmers of the virtue of sustainable land management without direct pay, and to show that outside help is tied to this long-term community commitment when investing into social infrastrcuture. In the end, this is a win-win situation because two goals are achieved with a much greater investment and commitment from the farmer side, while sustainable land management and social development are furthered.

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

2.7 方法的类型

• 基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Area closure / cut & carry of grass. Clinic construction & facilitation.)

There is no document, but the SCRP goal is to support sustainable use of natural resources. In Anjeni this should be achieved through a specific incentive at social level.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Accelerating soil erosion. Declining production of crops. Overland runoff destroying crops and producing gullies. Poor social infrastructure in community.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	无
计划	被动	interviews/questionnaires
实施	被动	responsibility for major steps
监测/评估	被动	public meetings;
Research	无

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

• 主要是SLM专家，咨询土地使用者之后

解释:

consultative. Development of technology was based on existing indigenous technologies which were complemented and perennized. The approach was explained to the farmers, a 10ha demonstration area was established for one year, and the agreement was reached after that time to do it on 100 ha, if social infrastructure support was given.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by SLM specialists alone (top-down). directive (top-down). Proposal by Development Agents was explained to farmers, and their consent used to organize the mass implementation campaign in 1987.

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

是

明确受训人员:

• 土地使用者

• SWC specialists (2), extensionists/trainers (1), politicians/decision makers (1)

培训形式:

• 在职
• 示范区域
• 公开会议

涵盖的主题:

Technical design of SWC techniques. Institutions on maintenance & modifications.

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

是

指明是否提供了咨询服务:

• 在土地使用者的土地上

说明/注释:

Name of method used for advisory service: Government Extension System.; Key elements: Holding of meetings., Technical layout of SWC techniques., Support in negotiations & follow-up.; 1) Mainly: government's existing extension system, Partly: projects own extension structure and agent; Extension staff: Mainly government employees 2) Target groups for extension: School children/students, Teachers; Activities: Demonstration visits to nearby catchment and preparation of a school b

Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Farmer to extensionist ratio is 1000:1 or worse. Educational status of all is low. Approach of extension still needs improvement.

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

• 是，适度

具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:

• 本地

具体说明支持类型:

• 设备

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

注释:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored through observations

technical aspects were regular monitored through observations

socio-cultural aspects were regular monitored through observations

economic / production aspects were regular monitored through measurements

There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Technology was adapted according to farmers wishes, namely adjustments of narrow terraces by removing some, overlay of drainage system over terraces and not along them.

Monitoring & extension in still ongoing through SCRP, and since 1984 in Anjeni.

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

是

明确话题:

• 社会学
• 经济/市场营销
• 生态学
• 技术

• Land use dynamics, farming system.

提供进一步的细节，并指出是谁做的研究:

The treated catchment of Anjeni is part of a research set-up where continuous monitoring and evaluation is being carried out since 1984.

Research was carried out on-farm

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算，请给出一个范围:

• 10,000-100,000

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (GDE/SCRP): 25.0%; government (national - Min. of Agriculture): 5.0%; local community / land user(s) (-): 70.0%

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

是

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

• 设备

• 基建

如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入，那么是不是:

• 自愿

注释:

In exchange of SWC works support to clinic was given as an overall incentive.

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

否

6.1 方法的影响

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

• 否

若否或不确定，请具体说明并予以注释:

Social incentives will have to come from outside (government or NGO)

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Fulfillment of community needs (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Co-ordination and participatory approach)
All catchment land users do conservation jointly together (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Community versus individual approach)

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Negotiation processes (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Train extensionists)
Social incentives (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Better cooperation between different ministries on their activities as a package)

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Combining two goals necessitates more labour inputs	No solution

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Tieing social investments with soil conservation is politically difficult because two goals are pursued with one instrument	No option but continue
Interest may still be initiated basically from need and less from degradation	Awareness needs to be furthered still

7.1 方法/信息来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

SCRP Progress Reports

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

SCRP, Addis Abeba

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Book Learning from Anjeni' (Amharic)'

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Min. of Education, Bahr Dar

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

SCRP Research Reports

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

SCRP, Addis Abeba