1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Decision Support for Mainstreaming and Scaling out Sustainable Land Management (GEF-FAO / DS-SLM)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Integrated Catchment Management Project (Integrated Catchment Management Project) - 莱索托

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

This technology helps to stabilise the gully and prevents the gully from expanding further in length due to erosion.

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

The aim of the gully head structure is to help stabilise the gully and prevent/control the gully from expanding further in length due to erosion. In Lesotho, this is constructed using stones.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

1. This technology is applied where gully erosion is prevalent in different land uses.
2. The technology is performed using stones where the gully is not very deep. However, where the depth of a gully is more than 2m in length, gabions or sand bags can be used to stabilise the gully and discourage further erosion.
3. The aim of the technology is control soil from eroding.
4. In most cases, this technology is implemented by use of stones available from the local area. But, measuring tape, spade, pick-axe and grass seed/sodds are also part of the inputs.
5. It controls soil erosion as it discourages the gully from expanding deeper and wider, therefore, soil loss is halted.
6. To land users, the technology is useful because it protects their fields as much gully erosion occurrs in cropland. At the same time, they regard as the most tedious technology due to use of stones.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2019

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）
• 在实验/研究期间
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

This technology has been practised for over the years in Lesotho in all catchment areas implemented by different projects.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 林牧业

注释:

In this area, there is fine sand mining which does not benefit the community.

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

注释:

There is encroachment of settlements into grazing areas

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

The community depends entirely on rain water for agricultural production, there is no irrigated water systems.

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• erosion control measure

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

The technology comprises gully wall and check dam structures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

The technology discourages land degradation by water through minimising length, width and depth of the gully

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

注释:

gully head structures are more useful and implemented in cropland and rangelands where gully erosion is more prevalent

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

13.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Public gathering	before onset of rains
2.	survey	before onset of rains
3.	design	before onset of rains
4.	stone collection	before onset of rains
5.	implementation	before onset of rains
6.	monitoring and evaluation	after storm
7.	maintenance	after storm

注释:

The technology is easy to implement except in areas where availability of loose rocks is a challenge. Also, where soils are problematic (duplex)

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	one person	person days	1.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
设备	Gabions	one piece	10.0	54.0	540.0
设备	Sand bags	one piece	50.0	4.0	200.0
设备	Pick axe	one piece	5.0	15.0	75.0
设备	spade	one piece	5.0	12.0	60.0
植物材料	measuring tape	one piece	1.0	6.0	6.0
施工材料	loose rocks	cubic	10.0	15.0	150.0
技术建立所需总成本					1036.0
技术建立总成本，美元					79.69

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Government

注释:

Normally implemented during integrated catchment management

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	public gathering	After storm
2.	participatory community monitoring and evaluation	After storm
3.	Maintenance	After storm

注释:

Maintenance is always recommended after every storm

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	person	person days	1.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
技术维护所需总成本					5.0
技术维护总成本，美元					0.38

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Government

注释:

gully head structures are some of the major which are implemented in catchment management throughout the country through integrated catchment management project.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

National budget

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凹陷情况

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

The activity is implemented on gentle to moderate slopes

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

A detailed soil map of Lesotho could be accessed at https://lesis.gov.ls

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Most of water in this area is harvested from springs

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

The area is severely eroded and therefore has minimum biodiversity attributed to escalation of bare lands

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

The middle aged and elderly are the ones interested in land management activities relative to their experiences with long term involvement in land management

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 社区（有组织）

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 社区（有组织）

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

具体说明:

This is due to Lesotho land tenure system

注释:

In Lesotho, land is communally owned. However, this might change due to implementation of decentralisation process as well as population increase

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

注释:

The community lives closer to town therefore, enjoys much of services from the government services and facilities.

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

生态影响

土壤

对现场影响的评估（测量）进行具体说明:

Soil erosion, properties and quality assessed

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

对场外影响（测量）的评估进行具体说明:

Soil erosion, properties and quality assessed off-site to aid in the management of adjacent land

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	不好
年降雨量		增加	非常不好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地雹灾	不好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	适度

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
滑坡	非常不好

注释:

The duplex soils found in this area prohibit use of heavy structures

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

The land users who own land found the technology very useful as much gully erosion occurs in crop land

6.5 技术采用

• 11-50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

20

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

Land owners found it important to adopt the technology as against those community members who only have land user rights.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 气候变化/极端气候

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

The design is affected mainly by rainfall intensity and frequency which are influenced by changes in climate

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
It uses locally available material
It is easy to implement
Protects productive soil in major land uses

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
provides support to other structural strength against further damage
Reduces the force of run-off
Prevents soil loss in productive land

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Labour intensive	use of machinery is recommended
It requires basic skill to implement	on-site demonstrations
If the locally available material is not enough to complete the construction work, then the structure cannot be implemented.	other alternative locally available materials should be advocated for

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Structures need to be matched to sites where they are corrected	If a heavy structure will not be sustainable, suitable light structures should be recommended
If the design is not properly made, it may cause more harm than good on land	Design must always succinct
It needs maintenance periodically	This one is a must do activity

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

N/A

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

N/A

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Department of Soil and Water Conservation

URL:

https://forestry.gov.ls

7.4 一般注释

In the beginning it was not easy to fill the questionnaire, however, as time went on the team began to enjoy the questionnaire