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Participatory Cost Benefit Analysis for Energy Efficiency Measures [塔吉克斯坦]

approaches_2442 - 塔吉克斯坦

完整性: 92%

1. 一般信息

1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

关键资源人员

SLM专业人员:
SLM专业人员:

Pochoev Mirzo

992 44 601 55 05

CAMP Kuhiston

Dushanbe

塔吉克斯坦

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称(如相关)
CAMP - Central Asian Mountain Partnership (CAMP - Central Asian Mountain Partnership) - 吉尔吉斯斯坦

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

(现场)数据是什么时候汇编的?:

25/04/2011

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

1.4 SLM技术问卷的参考

2. SLM方法的描述

2.1 该方法的简要说明

The use of a cost benefit analysis approach to assess the financial and natural resource needs for energy consumption at community level, and further attribute costs to SLM practices to meet this need, and subsequently improve rural livelihoods.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Aims / objectives: To collate quantitative data on the amount of energy used within the community in terms of financial expenditure and natural resource use. Through the use of a participatory workshop the attendees determine which natural resources are being utilised, in the form of wood, bush and organic materials. The objective is to use this quantitative data to encourage through cost benefit demonstrations, the implementation of Sustainable Land Management technologies to reduce the amount of natural resources exploited, and the expenditure on energy consumption.

Methods: An energy specialist organises a community based workshop with up to 15 participants. In the 2-3hr workshop the participants complete, under guidance, a pre prepared flip chart on energy use (electric, tapak, wood, coal, brush). The information is collected in financial expenditure and weight. Once the energy assessment is completed a subsequent discussion is encouraged on how to more effectively meet this need at a community level. The moderator also takes this oppoprtunity to demonstrate several technologies including solar lights, improved stove design, thermal insulation, and the development of energy forests. The information is collated and used as a baseline assessment for evaluation of implemented technologies.

Stages of implementation: The stages of implementation are relatively straight forward. First you must select the community that you wish to work in, and inform a community mobiliser, in this case the head of the village that you wish to conduct a 2-3 hr workshop for up to 15 participants, and that the participants must be the person in the households who is responsible (or has knowledge of) the energy use within the household. The moderator prepares a flip chart with a table of fuel types used in the village and uses this as the basis of the workshop to extract information on energy use within the community. Once the information is collated, a discussion is encouraged to review the information and devise means by which this amount can be reduced. The moderator then takes this opportunity to demonstrate several low cost energy efficiency measures that may appeal to the community.

Role of stakeholders: The community are expected to attend the workshop, engage in active discussions on their energy use and ways in which it can be reduced. The workshop needs to be supported by the local government, this provides gravitas, and a platform to launch the approach in other communities. The final stakeholder is the implementer, in this case a local NGO who organises the workshop, demonstrates the technologies and provides ongoing support during the implementation of the technologies.

Other important information: It is important to understand the spending habits of the participants, if they are used to spending on a day to day basis and not used to financial planning, it is important to recognise this fact in the implementation of the technology.

2.3 该方法的照片

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

国家:

塔吉克斯坦

区域/州/省:

RRS

有关地点的进一步说明:

Nurobod, Shaftuti Bolo

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

注明开始年份:

2011

终止年份(若不再采用该方法):

2012

2.7 方法的类型

  • 基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Energy Conservation)

There were two main objectives to this approach, the first was to raise awareness on energy use with respect to types of energy, cost and accessibility, and to use this as a platform for encouraging the implementation of low cost energy efficiency measures in the community. The second was to collate baseline data to allow an assessment of how the implemented technologies impacted on energy (and by association natural resources) use and how the expenditure and amounts were reduced in real terms.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: This approach was designed to make the participants evaluate and assess the amount of money, time and effort that goes into meeting their energy needs. It is also a clear and precise way to collate information on the amount of natural resources that are been used to meet this need. These natural resources can be in the form on bushes, wood, dung, cotton sticks etc. These resources are being redirected from other purposes such as construction, but also as natural fertilisers, mulch and compost. This directly impacts on agricultural production, household finance and ultimately livelihoods. The reduction in resource use can reduce the risk of conflicts between villages, and reduce pressure on natural resources allowing them to rejuvenate, and increase soil fertility and quality.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

社会/文化/宗教规范和价值观
  • 阻碍

Rural communities emerging from the soviet system have very low business awareness. Even when there are seemingly obvious savings to be made in finance and natural resources there is a lack of appreciation of the potential savings that could be made.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Discussion on the issue of savings in time, money and resources helps promote better understanding. The concept of pay back had to be repeatedly explained.

法律框架(土地使用权、土地和水使用权)
  • 启动
  • 阻碍
工作量、人力资源可用性
  • 阻碍

There are times of year when the village participants are otherwise distracted by sowing seeds, harvesting, Ramadan etc.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: The most effective time would be at the end of the winter period when resources are scarce, money constraints are more apparent and energy use is a household priority issue.

其他
  • 阻碍

In many of the households the men are working away in Russia. This leaves the women in charge of the household, however, many of the energy costs are organised by the men before they leave or on their return.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Many of the labour migrant leave in the springtime, therefore it would be more effective to organise the workshops at the end of the winter before they leave.

3. 相关利益相关者的参与和角色

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

  • 当地土地使用者/当地社区

A representative from each household in the community was involved.

Women hold a traditional role in the society and did not participate in the workshops. The men pay all the bills and see their role as that of the provider for the family.

The entire village suffers from mass labour migration, with nearly all households reliant upon remittances from Russia.

  • SLM专家/农业顾问

International support and finance was provided for this approach, however, the questionnaire was developed in collaboration between national and international staff to ensure relevance and applicability to the context.

  • NGO

CAMP Kuhiston

如果涉及多个利益相关者,请注明领导机构:

CAMP Kuhiston

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段
当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与 指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机
计划
实施 自我动员 they were active in the participation in the workshops and the collation of data.
监测/评估 外部支持 Active in providing follow-up data to evaluate the success of the project.
Research

3.3 流程图(如可用)

具体说明:

The project employs an energy specialist to conduct a participatory workshop. The process is supported by the local government.

作者:

S. Stevenson (CAMP Kuhiston, Dushanbe)

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:
  • 主要是土地使用者,由SLM专家提供支持
解释:

The participants are presented with a range of potential energy efficiency technologies such as stove adaptation, thermal insulation by experts, however, it is the participants decision as to which technologies are the most appropriate for their communtiy, and how they can implemented.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. One technology involved the adaptation of traditional cooking stoves; demonstrations were provided however, the mechanisms for securing the materials and ensuring the entire village implemented the technology were up to the discretion of the participants.

4. 技术支持、能力建设和知识管理

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训?:

明确受训人员:
  • 土地使用者
如果相关,请说明性别、年龄、地位、种族等。:

The initial training was for all the households in the village, however, only the men attended due to the religious and cultural position of the region.

培训形式:
  • 课程
涵盖的主题:

The training included raising awareness on stove adaptation, indoor two room stove construction, solar power, and low cost thermal insulation for rooms.

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗?:

4.3 机构强化(组织发展)

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构?:
  • 是,适度
具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:
  • 本地
具体说明支持类型:
  • 财务
提供进一步细节:

The Jephcott Foundation financed local NGO CAMP Kuhiston to implement the approach.

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗?:

注释:

socio-cultural aspects were regular monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: Observations of participants understanding of economic benefits.

management of Approach aspects were ad hoc monitored by None through observations; indicators: international staff monitor the set up of the workshops and levels of participation.

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: The timing of the workshops (i.e the time of year) will be changed to the end of the winter when energy use is more of a priority issue, e.g. cold weather, poor electric supply, lack of easily accessible natural resources

There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: None

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

明确话题:
  • 社会学
  • 经济/市场营销
提供进一步的细节,并指出是谁做的研究:

CAMP Kuhiston collated data on energy usage and by association natural resource use. In addition to the participatory workshop CAMP conducted a household questionnaire to assess the suitability of different energy efficiency technologies, and the social vulnerability of the inhabitants, to identify the most effective households to implement energy saving activities.

Research was carried out on-farm

5. 融资和外部物质支持

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算,请给出一个范围:
  • < 2,000
注释(例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international non-government (Jephcott Foundation, UK): 100.0%

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持?:

5.3 对特定投入的补贴(包括劳动力)

  • 设备
具体说明哪些投入得到了补贴 程度如何 对补贴做出具体说明
Posters and stationery 充分融资
  • 建筑
具体说明哪些投入得到了补贴 程度如何 对补贴做出具体说明
Metal sheets, demonstration material 充分融资
注释:

Metal sheets and some other basic materials were provided for the demonstration adaptation of the outdoor cooking stoves.

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值?:

5.5 其它激励或手段

是否有其他激励措施或工具用于促进SLM技术的实施?:

如果是,请具体说明:

The Jephcott Foundation financed local NGO CAMP Kuhiston to implement the approach.

6. 影响分析和结论性陈述

6.1 方法的影响

该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

The extent to which it will reduce the amount and type of natural resource use will be re assessed at the end of the project. It is estimated that there will be a 20% reduction.

该方法是否有助于社会和经济弱势群体?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

The approach was implemented in a socially disadvantaged area.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大
Did the Approach lead to improved livelihoods / human well-being?
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

The stove adaptation should lead to a 10-20% reduction in natural resources used for cooking, and the solar lights could make a $100/year saving.

Did the Approach help to alleviate poverty?
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

It should help reduce spending on energy, dependence on natural resources, and increase the amount of organic materials for agricultural purposes.

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

  • 增加利润(能力),提高成本效益比

The approach is designed to highlight to households how much of their income they spend on energy.

  • 声望、社会压力/社会凝聚

Social pressure ensured all the households participated.

  • well-being and livelihoods improvement

Improvement in living conditions and saving of finance and natural resources.

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施(无外部支持的情况下)?:
  • 不确定
若否或不确定,请具体说明并予以注释:

The participants will be encouraged to re-assess their natural resource use in the following year, and hopefully instigate their own measures to tackle the issue.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Quick and simple way to put an economic cost on fuel use.
编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The approach needs minimal resources and is relatively easy to implement. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: It would be easy to replicate and easy to teach others how to undertake the approach.)
It makes participants evaluate what they need to run their households, and puts an economic and natural resource value on the process.
It helps focus the participants on how much time, effort and money are being used to run their household. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: To follow up, to see how effective the implementation of the technologies was in reducing their energy needs.)
The scope of the level of participation is flexible and can be adapted to the contexts. It allows for direct comparison for before and after the implementation of the technology. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: It could be further developed to put an economic value on SLM technologies.)

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险 如何克服它们?
It requires participants to have good quality data available to be effective. Complete follow up visits to households to check data quality.

7. 参考和链接

7.1 方法/信息来源

  • 实地考察、实地调查
  • 与土地使用者的访谈

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