1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Index Based Livestock Insurance, Kenya (IBLI)

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

ILRI International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) - 肯尼亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

23/11/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 该方法的简要说明

Government of Kenya (GoK) is implementing the Kenya Livestock Insurance Program (KLIP). KLIP is a GoK funded drought insurance program for vulnerable pastoralists located in the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs) of Kenya. KLIP’s overall objective is to reduce the risk of livestock mortality emanating from drought. This is intended to help to build resilience of vulnerable pastoralists for enhanced and sustainable food security.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Currently, under KLIP, GoK pays insurance premiums for a maximum of 5 Tropical Livestock Units (TLUs; where 1 TLU is approximately equivalent to 1 cow), to over 18,000 selected households that are considered vulnerable (i.e. own less than 5 TLUs). The program is currently being implemented in 8 Arid and Semi-Arid counties in Northern Kenya. In case of severe forage scarcity because of drought, the households enrolled on KLIP receive pay-outs to enable them purchase fodder, veterinary drugs and water to keep their animals alive during the drought season. The expected impact of KLIP on pastoralists’ livelihoods protected assets and improved resilience due to better recovery mechanisms from drought shocks. At national level, reduced expenditure on humanitarian emergencies during severe droughts and sustained contribution of the livestock sub sector to the national economy is expected. As a Sustainable Land Management (SLM) solution, the KLIP approach can contribute to reduced pressure on grazing lands by providing pay-outs which are used by pastoralists to purchase animal feeds from outside the KLIP counties during drought periods, leading to reduced land degradation.
KLIP was first piloted in 2014 in 2 counties in the ASALs of Kenya i.e. Wajir and Turkana counties. 2500 households from each county were enrolled to the program, each receiving insurance worth 5TLUs for 1-year renewable period. In August 2015, 275 households in Wajir County received a pay-out due to the failed Long Rainy season of the same year. KLIP later expanded to cover 4 more counties and in February 2017, Ksh. 2.5 million was paid to 12,000 pastoralists across six counties at the end of the failed short rainy season of 2016 (October to December). Currently KLIP is operational in 8 counties, with plans underway for expansion to reach all the 14 ASAL counties of Kenya.
KLIP pay-outs are pegged to measurements of forage conditions made via satellite data on vegetation cover to derive an index of seasonal forage availability/scarcity, called the Normalized Differenced Vegetative Index (NDVI). The index can be defined as a measure comparing the total amount of forage available across the contract season with the historic average forage availability of that season. When the index signals that forage conditions have deteriorated to the point that animals are likely to die, KLIP compensates pastoralists in cash pay-outs immediately after a failed rainy season(s) and just before the start of subsequent dry season to help pastoralists buy fodder, drugs and water to sustain their livestock.
The use of a satellite based Index eliminates the need for insurance companies to carryout loss verification, which would be logistically and financially impossible to implement if they were to provide livestock insurance in such vast and remote areas as Kenya’s ASALs. . Use of satellite data (NDVI) is to calculate forage conditions in a specific area over a specific season in order to determine whether the index has triggered pay-outs makes KLIP approach suitable for remote and infrastructure deficient areas such as Kenya's ASALs, and also applicable forcovers pastoralists who move from one place to another in search of pasture and water for their animals.
The implementation of KLIP is done through a Public Private Partnership approach (PPP) spearheaded by the State Department of Livestock (SDL) under the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries (MOALF). The GoK purchases KLIP policies on behalf of the pastoralists targeted under the KLIP program. However, in case of an insurance payout, indemnified households receive their respective share of the payout directly from the underwriting insurance company/ies. Private Insurance companies registered in Kenya provide underwriting services for KLIP. The World Bank Group provides financial and technical support while ILRI provides awareness and capacity development support together with KLIP contract design. Various capacity development and awareness creation tools e.g. radio programs, posters, flyers, cartoon booklets, videos and training manuals have been used by KLIP to target pastoralists, partners and policy makers. A contract design tool has also been developed for KLIP with the support of ILRI and the WBG for insurance firms to use in determining their KLIP pricing options.

2.3 该方法的照片

2.4 该方法的视频

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

2.7 方法的类型

• 基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The overall objective of KLIP is to reduce the risk of livestock mortality emanating from drought and to build the resilience of vulnerable pastoralists for enhanced and sustainable food security. KLIP is intended to enhance the capacity of pastoral communities to minimize weather related risks through provision of index based livestock insurance.
KLIP's specific objectives are:
i) To build the resilience of vulnerable pastoralists in Kenya's ASALs against the consequences of drought by developing and applying index based insurance products in the provision of livestock insurance services to the pastoralists
ii) To build capacities of the pastoral communities and stakeholders in the use of insurance for the reduction of weather related risks and rebuilding of livelihood support systems;
iii) To increase Public-Private-Partnerships (PPP) in the provision of index based livestock insurance to the vulnerable pastoralists whose livelihoods are dependent on livestock.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	互动	GoK was motivated to implement KLIP in order to protect vulnerable communities from livestock losses due to drought, and also accelerate further uptake of livestock insurance by pastoralists, by experiencing how the product works.
计划	互动	KLIP exemplifies the case of a multi-stakeholder participatory approach linking scientific analysis with local knowledge, while facilitating the awareness, understanding and acceptance of the product by local communities. Activities such as; delineation of geographic areas that constitute an insurable unit and selection of KLIP beneficiaries are conducted through transparent and participatory means.
实施	互动	KLIP is implemented by the SDL with support from World Bank and ILRI in collaboration with local private insurance companies which underwrite the product either individually or as a consortium. County governments and local NGOs are also involved in the implementation of KLIP.
监测/评估	互动	M & E under KLIP, largely relies on acquiring information from management and project records that reflect program resource use and implementation. Primary data collection from key stakeholders is also used. Outcome measurement uses a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection for high level outcomes, for instance the impact of KLIP on household welfare, will require the use of official country level data or relying on countrywide surveys, since these outcomes are normally outside the full control of the program.
	互动

3.3 流程图（如可用）

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

• 所有相关参与者，作为参与式方法的一部分

明确做出决策的依据:

• 对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估（基于证据的决策）

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

是

明确受训人员:

• 土地使用者
• 现场工作人员/顾问

培训形式:

• 农民对农民
• 公开会议
• 课程

涵盖的主题:

1. Introduction to KLIP and its key features
a. Contract features
b. KLIP coverage
2. Beneficiary selection & registration
3. KLIP communication and awareness creation – Managing interactions with other programs
4. KLIP Voluntary and fully subsidized products - features and differences
5. County governments and State Department of Livestock coordination

注释:

A general training course, whose content elaborates how index based livestock insurance works was developed and distributed in form of an e-learning platform available fro registration at http://learning.ilri.org. The same course is also available in form of physical manuals and simplified pictorial books.

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

是

指明是否提供了咨询服务:

• 在固定中心

说明/注释:

A Program Coordination Unit (PCU) comprising of a program coordinator and 2 technical officers i.e. an M&E specialist and a Networking and Capacity development specialist were constituted under the SDL. The PCU is responsible for implementing the program and its day-to-day operations. Each technical officer is responsible for specific components of the program. Advisory communication via phone and email are frequently conducted between the KLIP implementation counties and the PCU. The PCU also supports recruitment of beneficiaries, training, awareness, M&E and communication for KLIP beneficiaries, various stakeholders and partners. ILRI provides support to these activities through its Markets and Capacity development unit. The PCU also provides reports to county governments on all KLIP related aspects including; the status of the index, number and identity of beneficiaries and the amount of indemnities paid.

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

• 是，适度

具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:

• 本地
• 区域
• 国家

说明机构、角色和职责、成员等。:

At the National level; the KLIP coordination unit under the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries is responsible for the following:
-To develop, and institutionalize a large-scale sustainable livestock insurance program for the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands
-Efficient and effective engagement of relevant stakeholders
-Influencing policy
-Develop and maintain Public Private Partnerships
-To institutionalizing provision of livestock insurance at national and county government levels for increased resilience of vulnerable pastoralists
-Sustained demand of livestock insurance
Regional governments (Counties) are responsible for the following:
- Support access to appropriate livestock insurance products - registration of beneficiaries, extension and awareness creation
International NGOs i.e. The World Bank Group (WBG) provides funding to the GoK and is also the principal technical adviser to the SDL on KLIP. ILRI is also funded by the World Bank Group to provide technical support around KLIP contract design, awareness creation and capacity development.

具体说明支持类型:

• 财务
• 能力建设/培训

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

注释:

A monitoring and evaluation framework is in place to ensure that the program is constantly improved and that it can respond to challenges and opportunities arising in the field. The M&E framework is a tool for continuous program planning, implementation and reflection and also used for day-to-day reporting and tracking of progress towards outcomes and long-term impacts. The M&E frameworks's principle purposes are summarized as follows: • Tracking progress on program implementation • Identifying gaps and weaknesses in the implementation process • Planning, prioritizing, allocating and managing resources during the entire program timeline • Providing lessons for program management Regular technical reports are generated by the PCU to be submitted to the KLIP technical committee for their technical inputs.

若是，该文件是否用于监测和评估？:

否

注释:

KLIP M&E frame work is available

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

是

明确话题:

• 社会学
• 经济/市场营销
• 技术

提供进一步的细节，并指出是谁做的研究:

A livestock insurance service for Kenya's ASALs was tested with remarkable success on a pilot basis by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI's) Index Based Livestock Insurance (IBLI) from 2010 –2015 supported by DfID, AUSAID, USAID and other development partners. The lessons drawn from this experience were incorporated in the inception and implementation of KLIP.

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算，请给出一个范围:

• > 1,000,000

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

The main source of funding for the KLIP project is from the government of Kenya and the World Bank.

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

是

如果是，请具体说明支持的类型、条件和提供者:

Over 14,000 (number expected to rise to 18,000 with intended scale) households currently under KLIP receive fully subsidized livestock insurance cover where the government of Kenya fully funds the premiums for these pastoralists for a maximum of 5 cows (5 TLU). However the SDL plans to provide for a partially subsidized KLIP cover, which can be purchased by any interested pastoralist, for as long as they are willing to pay for a partial cost of the premium. Further considerations are underway to assess the possibility of making voluntary insurance more accessible and affordable to pastoralists by partial premium subsidies.

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

• 农业

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

否

5.5 其它激励或手段

是否有其他激励措施或工具用于促进SLM技术的实施？:

是

6.1 方法的影响

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

• 不确定

若否或不确定，请具体说明并予以注释:

KLIP is structured in a double pronged approach meant to ensure scale up and sustainability, however uncertainty over the program's sustainability emanates from the lack of government policies that can guarantee continuity. Efforts are still ongoing to ensure such policies are in place.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
High level support from the government and development partners is a strength for KLIP as it continues to attract goodwill from key stakeholders within and outside government.
KLIP is anchored in a reliable, simple and trusted technology - index based livestock insurance, which is a product of rigorous research.
KLIP's impacts and lessons are replicable and scalable in other geographical locations .

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Full commercialization of livestock insurance might be a challenge to achieve considering that the private sector, especially insurance companies are profit oriented and might not be fully motivated to venture into the hard to reach, remote and poorly infrastructured ASALs of Kenya where KLIP is implemented.	Continuous capacity development and proper policy environment should be created to enable the private sector's desire to venture into the target regions and fully commercialize the product.
Sustainability – There is no government policy or legislative Act on KLIP . Its therefore not a guaranteed possibility that the government will support this in the long term.	Continued advocacy, lobbying and sensitization need to be done targeting the key policy makers. Also a proper exit strategy should be designed and put into action.

7.1 方法/信息来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

N/A

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Successful Kenya Livestock Insurance Program scheme scales up

URL:

http://www.swissre.com/reinsurance/successful_Kenya_livestock_insurance_program_scheme_scales_up.html

标题/说明:

Govt to release record cash payout in livestock insurance program

URL:

https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/business/2017/03/govt-to-release-record-cash-payout-in-livestock-insurance-program/

标题/说明:

APA Pay The First Major Claim To The Kenya Livestock Insurance Program (KLIP) Farmers

URL:

http://www.apainsurance.org/news/apa-pay-the-first-major-claim-to-the-kenya-livestock-insurance-program-klip-farmers/

标题/说明:

SATELLITE, MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES UNDERPIN INSURANCE PAYOUT TO HERDERS IN KENYA

URL:

https://www.iii.org/insuranceindustryblog/?tag=kenya-livestock-insurance-program

标题/说明:

Record payouts being made by Kenya Government and insurers to protect herders facing historic drought

URL:

https://ibli.ilri.org/2017/02/22/record-payouts-being-made-by-kenya-government-and-insurers-to-protect-herders-facing-historic-drought/