1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands in Kandy, Badulla and Nuwara Eliya Districts in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka (AGRI.PDN) - 斯里兰卡

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

24/02/2022

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 该方法的简要说明

Microwatershed-based participatory land use planning is a systematic and interactive process that primarily focuses on the optimal allocation of village land resources according to needs and demands of the people while promoting sustainable land management. Key features of this approach are multi-sectoral coordination, multi-stakeholder engagement and the active participation of land users throughout the participatory land use planning process.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

The Sapugasulpatha/ Galayata Kandura microwatershed is located in Bandarawela Divisional Secretariat (DS), Badulla District, Sri Lanka. Unsustainable land management has led to land degradation causing associated challenges. There was a need to identify strategies for restoration of degraded lands while addressing water scarcity. In 2018, the Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands Project (RDALP) introduced participatory land use planning (PLUP) for this microwatershed. Previously, stakeholders were dealt with individually. But the PLUP process relies on the active involvement of all stakeholders. Key is microcatchment level planning - embedded in multi-sectoral coordination and multi-stakeholder engagement.
The process is initiated by the district office of the Land Use Policy Planning Department (LUPPD). Firstly, the LUPPD identifies microwatersheds and develops land use/cover maps. It is assisted by the Bandarawela DS, which is the administrative body for lands in the area and has the capacity to coordinate all relevant stakeholders. Then, officers of the LUPPD meet with community leaders, representatives of farmer organizations and field level officers to verify the land use maps through field visits. Demarcation of individual plots on these maps is also carried out. Next, a field visit is conducted with all stakeholders to identify the status of land degradation and the current crop management practices. This is, effectively, “training of trainers”. Subsequently, the community prepares maps of land degradation and management types with the support of LUPPD.
This is followed by a participatory rural appraisal (PRA) process with all stakeholders. In the PRA, issues related to land degradation/use, ownership, conflicts and socio-economic concerns are discussed. Participants come to an initial consensus on solutions. After this, a detailed action plan is prepared and stakeholders identified. The next stage involves the development of land use plans for the entire microwatershed targeting the restoration of degraded and poorly managed lands. The land use plan covers both on-farm and off-farm land, and provides recommendations for SLM practices over the entire microwatershed: it serves as a detailed land restoration plan. Then, detailed discussions are held with specific stakeholders to prepare sector-based plans. This includes detailed plans for individual farms. As an example, officers of Tea Smallholdings Development Authority (TSHDA) provide inputs to develop detailed plans for smallholder tea cultivation - including plans for individual farmers. Subsequently, implementation is performed jointly by stakeholders. If, for example, a farm is identified for tea cultivation intercropped with export crops, officers both from TSHDA and the Department of Export Agriculture extend their support. The approach includes farmer field schools (FFS) conducted by the Department of Agrarian Development officers and project officers of RDALP. Moreover, farmers are encouraged to use social media (WhatsApp®) to share their knowledge and experiences with SLM practices. The local community is also exposed to examples of good SLM through field visits. The final step is evaluation and monitoring. This is performed by the officers of the Agrarian Service Development, RDALP, and also by individuals. A divisional agricultural committee is mandated to perform continuous monitoring of implementation. PLUP provides the stimulus for farmers to continue SLM - since practices are not enforced but identified themselves. Further, firm bonding is established between land users and other stakeholders, including government institutes, strengthening the likelihood of sustainability.

2.3 该方法的照片

2.4 该方法的视频

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

2.7 方法的类型

• 基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

1)Identification and mapping of degraded lands at microwatershed level.
2)Integration of multi-sectoral coordination and multi-stakeholder engagement in participatory land use planning implemented at village micro watershed level.
3)Identification of land management related issues and factors contributing to land degradation and prioritizing sustainable land use/management options through participatory approach.
4)Development and implementation of a land use plan and an action plan to restore and mitigate the degradation within the micro watershed employing PLUP approach.
5)Maintenance and promotion of ecosystem services for the sustainability of rural livelihoods.
6)Reduction of the pressure of competitive land use on natural resources.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	互动	Community leaders, LUPPD, DS and RDAL Project officers. The process is initiated by the district office of LUPPD which is the responsible national level authority to prepare sustainable land use plans. The regional office identifies village level micro catchment and develop land use/cover maps. The DS serves as a body that coordinate the activity by linking relevant stakeholders.
计划	互动	Community leaders, land users, LUPPD, DS and RDALP officers. Planning of the PLUP process is performed by these parties.
实施	互动	Land users, community leaders, Department of Agrarian Development, Department of Agriculture, Department of Export Agriculture, TSHDA, officers of RDALP, other officers representing different agriculture sectors and land users. Implementation of the restoration plan for individual farm is performed jointly by different stake holders. As an example if a farmers` land is identified for tea cultivation intercropped with export agricultural crops, officers both from TSHDA and Department of Export Agriculture extend their support for implementation.
监测/评估	互动	Land users, Department of Agrarian Development, RDALP officers, individual stakeholders, Department of Agriculture, officers of Natural Resource management Centre and divisional agricultural committee. Please note that participatory monitoring mechanism was implemented.
Marketing	自我动员	Land users (farmers), private companies and intermediate sellers. Farmers have the choice of marketing their products by direct selling at the village vegetable market, through private companies those visit to the field for purchasing their products (vegetable and tea) and intermediate buyers. Moreover, farmers also have the option to come into a contract with a leading supermarket chain to sell their products if they are willing to adopt Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)

3.3 流程图（如可用）

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

• 所有相关参与者，作为参与式方法的一部分

解释:

This is a participatory approach in which stakeholders make collective decisions on the selection of appropriate technologies. Multi-stakeholder engagement is a prominent characteristic.

明确做出决策的依据:

• 对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估（基于证据的决策）
• 研究结果
• 个人经验和意见（无记录）

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

是

明确受训人员:

• 土地使用者
• 现场工作人员/顾问

如果相关，请说明性别、年龄、地位、种族等。:

Training was provided for both men and women farmers of the microwatershed

培训形式:

• 农民对农民
• 示范区域
• 公开会议

培训形式:

• social media (WhatsApp®) and online meetings via Zoom® platform

涵盖的主题:

Sustainable Land Management practices, compost preparation, liquid fertilizer preparation, water harvesting techniques, soil conservation practices and pruning of fruit trees

注释:

Farmers have shown a great interest on sharing knowledge and experiences through the social media

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

是

指明是否提供了咨询服务:

• 在土地使用者的土地上
• 在固定中心

说明/注释:

Well organized advisory service is available in Sri Lanka which is conducted through the field officers of the Department of Agriculture, Export Agriculture, TSHDA. These officers are available at Agrarian Service Centre and Wednesdays are allocated for meeting with farmers and making field visits is a part of their job. Moreover, members of the project team RDALP also served as trainers. Importantly, community leaders and farmer organization representatives were trained as trainers to assure the sustainability.

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

• 是，适度

具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:

• 本地
• 区域

说明机构、角色和职责、成员等。:

The PLUP process strengthens the institutional coordination and their roles at village level.

具体说明支持类型:

• 财务
• 能力建设/培训
• 设备

• infrastructure

提供进一步细节:

Details are provided in Table 6.3

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

注释:

Field level government officers are entrusted with the monitoring process with the participation of land users

若是，该文件是否用于监测和评估？:

否

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

否

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算，请给出一个范围:

• 10,000-100,000

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

GEF and local government institutions

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

是

如果是，请具体说明支持的类型、条件和提供者:

Financial support for soil conservation, materials for preparation of nursery sheds (4x4 feet), vegetable seeds and fruit plants for home gardening, tea seedlings for infilling and polythene for rain water harvesting ponds

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

• 劳动力

• 设备

• 农业

• 建筑

• 基建

如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入，那么是不是:

• 自愿

注释:

Most of the time family members are engaged with field activities

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

否

5.5 其它激励或手段

是否有其他激励措施或工具用于促进SLM技术的实施？:

是

如果是，请具体说明:

Land use policy and agriculture policy of Sri Lanka are overarching instruments. Moreover, regulations identified in the Soil Conservation Act of Sri Lanka promote SLM technologies.

6.1 方法的影响

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

• 是

若是，请说明如何维持:

There is a greater potential for farmers to continue SLM practices since such practices are not forcefully enforced but identified by land users themselves through a participatory approach. Therefore, SLM technologies identified by farmers suit to their socio-economic capacity. Further, strong bonding is established with land users and other stakeholders such as government institutes, that will lead to the sustainability of the approach.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Multi-sectoral coordination and multi-stakeholder engagement throughout all activities of the approach
Land users perceive a sense of ownership of the SLM practice implemented through the approach
Training programmes conducted through online platforms motivate farmers to implement SLM on their own land while improving the awareness on SLM practices
Greater potential of enhancement of the farmer income through practices such as crop diversification, intercropping etc.
Enhanced food security

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Field evidence suggested farmers have willingly embraced the approach to restore their degraded lands
The approach has enhanced collaborations with land users and other stakeholders
The approach has inculcated ownership of the entire process on land users

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Marketing of Vegetables	Though farmers has access to village vegetable market, if farmers can be incorporated to the Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) program this limitation can be overcome.
Lack of financial resources	Formally link a financial supporting institute as a key stakeholder (e.g. Banks, social protection schemes)
Lack of labor	Though land users identified less labor intensive SLM practices, the provision of necessary machinery could have substitute such practices with more appropriate ones.
Time constraints of land users to participate continuously	Use of ICT tools and scheduling meetings at convenient times for land users

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
PLUP approach is a time consuming process	Simplify the PLUP process
This approach requires a large number of officers to carry out	Simplify the PLUP process
Incompatibility of micro-watershed boundaries and administrative boundaries	Use administrative boundaries in planning process
Negative attitude of some institutions and some officials towards collective effort	National level stakeholders should be made aware of the project activities and incorporate them into their plans
Some stakeholders' involvement exceeds beyond their mandate	Ensuring that each institution executes their mandate and the due respect for their intervention

7.1 方法/信息来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Healthy Soil Matters, The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Colombo, 2021

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

SriCAT website

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Guidelines for participatory land use planning

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

LUPPD

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Healthy Soil Matters, The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Colombo, 2021

URL:

https://sricat.net/index.php/en/media-gallery/documents/248-healthy-soil-matters