1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Land Development Department (Land Development Department) - 泰国

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWC) - 中国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

16/09/1997

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

A conservation cropping system utilizing vegetative method for controlling erosion

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

To make the contour hedgerow by grass and legunminous plants across the slope together with integrated cropping system, comprising of field crop, vegetables and bush-type crops and fruit trees. Other components include contour cultivation, incorporation of crop residues, soil amendments, reduced tillage, stressing on cropping more than once a year.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Alley cropping with leguminous hedgerow was introduced from IITA, Nigeria. Grass strip was introduced from Australia.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): 1. Farmers lack of technology about SWC and soil improvement. Farmers need support in credits and marketing. 3. Poveerty.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): 1. Weed problems. 2. Soil fertility decline resulting in decreased crop yield. 3. Soil erosion. 4. Lack of labour.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 180 Longest growing period from month to month: May - Oct

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 最小的土壤扰动
• 横坡措施

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 100-1,000 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 1000 m2.

This technology is being implemented in several areas. The extent of mplemented areas is not exactly known at the this time but can be known in the future.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content, Ha: aridification

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

General dimension of the technology

Upper North

Date: 8/6/00

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: high

Main technical functions: control of raindrop splash, control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, reduction of slope length, improvement of ground cover, increase in organic matter, increase of infiltration, increase in soil fertility

Secondary technical functions: increase of surface roughness, increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply, water spreading

Green manure
Material/ species: Leucaena leucocephala, Cajanus cajan
Remarks: From lopping branches of legumes

Vegetative measure: Contour
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 3
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 5-12

Vegetative measure: Grass strip
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 3
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 5-12

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs

Trees/ shrubs species: Leucaena, cajanus, flemingo, tephrosia, glyricidia

Fruit trees / shrubs species: Mango, Jack fruit, Longan, Lychee, etc.

Grass species: Vetiver, ruzi, setaria, bahia, napier

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 30.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 20.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 0.00%

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Baht

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

37.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Contour establishment	植物性的	beforginning of rainy season
2.	Establishing hedgerow area	植物性的	beforginning of rainy season
3.	Planting hedgerow plants	植物性的	beforginning of rainy season

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	54.0	54.0
设备	Equipment - hour	ha	1.0	5.4	5.4
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	6.0	6.0
技术建立所需总成本					65.4

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Weeding	农业学的	Before rainy season / Two times per crop
2.	Land preparation	农业学的	Before rainy season / Once a year
3.	Crop planting	农业学的	Before rainy season / Once a year
4.	Fertilizer application	农业学的	Before rainy season / Once per crop
5.	Loppinging /mulching	植物性的	as required /2-3 times per year

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	64.8	64.8
技术维护所需总成本					64.8

注释:

Machinery/ tools: Tractor, hand hoe, macheter

Calculation of the cost will involve only those related to SWC. The hedgerow area per ha is 1000 m2 which requires approximately one hour of tractor's work, the rental charge of which is 200 Baht per hour.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The cost depends very much on the degree of slope, which determines the number of hedgerows per specific area.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: Also 501-1000 m a.s.l. (ranked 2) and 1001-1500 m a.s.l. (ranked 3)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Also deep (ranked 2)
Soil fertility: Medium
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good
Soil water storage capacity: Medium

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

10% of the land users are average wealthy and own 10% of the land.
10% of the land users are poor and own 10% of the land.
80% of the land users are poor and own 80% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: Poor land users used to work as labourers to earn extra income.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

其它社会经济效应

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

15100, 100% area covered

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

99% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

15000 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

1% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

100 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Number of participating farmers increases according to the government's budget and work plan. The technology has been widely accepted all over the country and in many parts of the world.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
The technology can: 1. Improve soil fertility and productivity.
2. Increase income
3. Attain sustainable land use.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The technology can: 1. Reduce soil loss/runoff How can they be sustained / enhanced? Try to integrate annual cash crops and fruit trees.
2. Improve soil fertility
3. Conserve soil moisture
4. Increase yield/income 5. Preserve the environment
6. Easily implemented by farmers 7. Requires low cost.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
1. Require more labour to create and maintain.	1. Grow fast-growing tree species.
2. Certain part of the land especially that occupied by the hedgerows cannot be used to grow crop.	2. Hire more labourers from the increased income.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
It is more labour intensive than normal farming practices.	Good labour management

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Sajjapongse, A., C. Anecksamphant and S. Boonchee, ASALAND management of Sloping Lands Network. Special Lecture, LDD Technical Meeting, February 15-18, 2000, Chiang Mai.. 2000.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Department of Land Development, Bangkok 10900, Thailand

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Other documents from IBSRAM and other development projects assisted by foreign countries. 1990-1999.