1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Natural Resources Development (MNRD) - 埃塞俄比亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

29/05/2011

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

an embankment of soil constructed along the contour to reduce runoff and maintain soil moisture.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Soil bund is an earth embankment constructed along the contour inorder to avoid runoff down slope and shorten the slope length. Ditch/basin is dig at the upper side of the bund.

Purpose of the Technology: To obtain the maximum sustainable level of production from a given area of land by reducing soil loss below a thrushold level and maintaining soil moisture.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: During establishment and maintenance the materials needed are graduated poles, pegs, plastic string and water level and other materials related to the work.

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

through the extension programme

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): low productivity, gully formation

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): erosion, low soil fertility, high runoff, low production

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: in the case of intercropping maize is sown in rows and between the rows harcot bean is sown

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 120 Longest growing period from month to month: Mar - Jul

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 1.68 m2.

the SWC technology area is defined by sub-watershed. It is implemented by programmee

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Ha: aridification

Main causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (agricultural causes), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge)

Secondary causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, poverty / wealth (lack of captial), land subdivision

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Oromia

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: high

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap

Secondary technical functions: reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length, increase / maintain water stored in soil

Relay cropping
Material/ species: maize, teff and chick pea

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: haricot bean and maize

Bund/ bank: level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1m
Spacing between structures (m): 10m
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5m
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5m
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5m
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5m

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 12%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Birr

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

8.5

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	surveying and layout	结构性的	dry season
2.	excavation work	结构性的	onset of rain

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	89.0	89.0	100.0
设备	Animal traction	ha	1.0	67.0	67.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	23.5	23.5	100.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	18.8	18.8
肥料和杀菌剂	Fertilizer	Ha	1.0	35.3	35.3
其它	cultivation cost	ha	1.0	36.5	36.5
技术建立所需总成本					270.1

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	ploughing along the contour	农业学的	dry season / 4 times
2.	Sowing	农业学的	onset of rain / each cropping season
3.	Digging the ditch/basin	结构性的	dry season/two times
4.	maintain the height of the bund	结构性的	dry season/two times

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	11.75	11.75	100.0
设备	Animal traction	ha	1.0	56.0	56.0	100.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	2.3	2.3	100.0
其它	cultivation cost	ha	1.0	109.4	109.4
技术维护所需总成本					179.45

注释:

Machinery/ tools: 5 shovel, 5 hoe

the cost is culculated based on the spesification of structures (length, width and height), tools required. For the cost given above we assumed 1 km of soil bund per hectar of cultivated land

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

excavation work requires more labour and it affects the cost of construction and maintenance

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is medium-low
Soil drainage/infiltration is good
Soil water storage capacity is low-medium

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

1% of the land users are very rich and own 5% of the land.
60% of the land users are average wealthy and own 70% of the land.
30% of the land users are poor and own 20% of the land.
9% of the land users are poor and own 5% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: no other forms of income generating means

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

625 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: the majority of the farming communities are poor and they are not able to pay for SWC activities and incentive is required in some cases

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
reduce soil erosion How can they be sustained / enhanced? frequent maintenance of the structure
maintain soil moisture How can they be sustained / enhanced? upgrading of ditches and embankment
increase production How can they be sustained / enhanced? increasing the productivity of land per unit area

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
erosion control How can they be sustained / enhanced? frequent maintenance of the structure
moisture maintenance How can they be sustained / enhanced? frequent maintenance of the ditches
reduction of slope length
increasing of infltration rate