1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

20/10/2005

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

It is a mechanical conservation measure where a basin and a ridge are formed for planting chat along a contour

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

A contour line is maked and a pit (trench) is dug and the soil embanked on about 75x50 cm. Chat cuttings are planted on the trench. The purpose of the technology is to collect as much water as possible. The embankment protects soil from erosion. Water is collected in the trench. Households using family labour make the ridge bund. During cultivation the ridge is strengthend. Maintenance is done in case of breaks on the ridge.The technology is suitable to semi-arid with rainfall 500-700 mm/annum. Farmers grow chat as the main means of finance/capital generation. Cultivation is done twice or three times.

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

注释（项目类型等）:

locally originated

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): land shortage, continuous cropping, land degradation, open grazing.

Other grazingland: Tethered/stall feed: grazing land shortage forced to tethered feeding and stall keeping.

Other grazingland: free grazing

Grazingland comments: Livestock (cows, goat) are mostly stallfed. In lower parts of the technology area livestock are let to graze openly. This part is a very dry area and there is large area for grazing. Goats browseon open woodlands that have acacia trees.

Problems / comments regarding forest use: The woodlands are getting extremely denuded as a result of heavy exploitation such as charchoal making, cutting trees for fuel wood and overbrowsing.

Forest products and services: timber, fuelwood, grazing / browsing

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: sorghum, ground nut

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Water supply: Also mixed rainfed - irrigated

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 210

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 改良的地面/植被覆盖
• 横坡措施

3.5 技术传播

注释:

60% of the total cultivated area in the region is under this technology

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Ha: aridification

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Main goals: prevention of land degradation

Secondary goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Harari

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply

Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, reduction of slope length

Early planting
Material/ species: sorghum

Relay cropping
Material/ species: legume/sorghum

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: beans sorghum

Contour planting / strip cropping
Material/ species: Chat, sorghum, onion

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: C : perennial crops

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs

Trees/ shrubs species: Cordia, Acacia, Mango

Perennial crops species: Chat

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 10.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 0.00%

Bund/ bank: level
Spacing between structures (m): 1-5
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.3-0.4
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 2-3
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 3-4
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.3
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 70-80

Construction material (earth): earth bunds

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 8%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 4%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 1%

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Birr

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

8.6

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	seed bed preparation	植物性的	Dry season
2.	preparing cutting	植物性的	rainy season
3.	cutting plantation	植物性的	rainy season
4.	cultivation	植物性的	after rain
5.	Protect from free grazing animals	管理	especially after crop harvest.

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 24 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Digging	农业学的	before rains / each cropping season
2.	Cultivation and weeding	农业学的	mid of rains / twice a year
3.	replanting of dead cuttings	植物性的	May, June /during rain
4.	cultivation	植物性的	July /during rain
5.	reridging of breaks	植物性的	September /after rain

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

Machinery/ tools: hand tools

Volume of earth excavated and moved.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Landforms: Also hill slopes (ranked 2) and ridges (ranked 3)
Slopes on average: Also hilly (ranked 2) and steep and gentle (both ranked 3)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is low (ranked 1), medium (ranked 2), very low (ranked 3)
Soil drainage/infiltration is good
Soil water storage capacity is low (ranked 1) and medium (ranked 2)

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
5% of the land users are rich.
70% of the land users are average wealthy.
25% of the land users are poor.
Off-farm income specification: Land users who have SWC measures on their land have lower off-farm income compared to those who have no SWC measures on their land.
Market orientation of production system: mixed (Sorghum: mostly used at home and partly sold) and commercial/ market ( Livestock (cows, goat) are mostly stallfed. In lower parts of the technology area livestock are let to graze openly. This part is a very dry area and there is large area for grazing. Goats browsing open)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

There is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: more and more land users are getting engaged with the technology.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Efficient in rainwater harvesting
Laid out by farmers with little technical support

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Highly flexible How can they be sustained / enhanced? change of structures (size, position) possible
Material needed is locally available How can they be sustained / enhanced? soil and stone are found everywhere
Low cost How can they be sustained / enhanced? tools available at local markets