1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

SNNPR Bureau of Agriculture - 埃塞俄比亚

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Ethiopia (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development) - 埃塞俄比亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

02/06/2011

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Microcatchments and ponds are water harvesting measures used to collect stored and spread over an area to increase soil moisture and ground water level.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Microcatchments for crop fields involve the construction of physical measures which trap rain water and help in increasing infiltration. Soil and stone funds, microbasics, ridges and tied ridges are some of the sWC pracices known as microcatchment. They are designed taking into account the amount of rain received the infiltration capacity of soils and the runoff produced from the field.

Water harvesting techniques described here are the most widely practiced techniques in Alaba woreda, which is characterised by erratic rains, soils having very low water holding capacity and farming systems dominated by seasonal cereal crops such as maize, teff and pepper. Maize is the dominant food and cash crop grown in the wereda. It is a crop requiring more rainfall than teff and sorghum. Water harvesting techniques are more suitable to maize because these structures make more water available to the crop. Bunds are establised by digging channel and embanking the soil either on the upper side or on down ward direction. Wherever stone is abailable it is supported by stone lines at the down slope direction. The purpose is to collect, stone and enhance infiltration of rain water in the soil for increasing survival and productivity of crops planted on the field. The technology is suitable to areas with erratic and low rainfalls, soils with low soil moisture holding capacity and for crops which require more water. The annual rainfall is not small but is not well distributed over the growing period and hence it becomes essential to have structures that could trap and store as much rainfall as possible in the soil.

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

From international expriences.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Shortage of rainfall, land degradation, low soil fertility.
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Moisture stress, poor harvest, unreliable rainfalls.

Grazingland comments: There is serious shortage of fodder in the woreda and to minimize this problem fodder trees are planted and grown using rainwater harvesting structures such as microbasins and trenches on grazing lands which are closed for some time.

Problems / comments regarding forest use: Rainwater should be stored/collected in trenches and soil bunds to support seedling plantation, forage and crop production.

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: maize, haricot bean and cabbage

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 集水
• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）
• 引水和排水

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 60 m2.
Microcatchments and ponds are practiced in all of the kebeles mentioned above (SWC area)

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Type of agronomic measures: contour tillage, contour ridging

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high
Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply
Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, improvement of ground cover

Contour tillage
Remarks: along the contour (0gradient)

Contour ridging
Remarks: along the contour

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 5.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 3.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 0.00%

Dam/ pan/ pond
Vertical interval between structures (m): 2-3m
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 3m
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 5-10m

Retention/infiltration ditch/pit, sediment/sand trap
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1m
Spacing between structures (m): 20-30m
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 100m
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 100m
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5m
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5-0.6m

Structural measure: diversion ditch / cut-off drain
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5m
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 2m
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.8m
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.9m

Construction material (earth): soil excavated from the ditches used to construct the embankments.
Construction material (stone): stone is used to reinforce and construct the structures
Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 5%
If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 3%
Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:2

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Birr

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

8.6

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Site selection	结构性的
2.	Survey	结构性的	dry season
3.	Construction	结构性的	dry season

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	83.7	83.7
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	120.0	120.0
施工材料	Plastic	ha	1.0	232.0	232.0
技术建立所需总成本					435.7

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Surveying	农业学的	dry season / annual
2.	Rainwater structure construction	农业学的	dry season / annual
3.	Clearing silt trap	结构性的	dry season/annual
4.	Stablizing the bunds	结构性的	rainy season/annual

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	6.97	6.97
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	120.0	120.0
技术维护所需总成本					126.97

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Availability of construction materials.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 1700-2200 m a.s.l.

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is medium (ranked 1) and high (ranked 2)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good
Soil water storage capacity: very low

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 3% - 4%

10% of the land users are very rich and own 18% of the land.
20% of the land users are rich and own 25% of the land.
40% of the land users are average wealthy and own 40% of the land.
25% of the land users are poor and own 15% of the land.
5% of the land users are poor and own 2% of the land.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

90% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
46800 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
Comments on acceptance with external material support: survey results

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology
Comments on adoption trend: The technology is implemented by community participation with out incentive paid.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Vegetables grown around water harvesting structures.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Moisture is harvested
shortage of water gradually decreased

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Guideline for watershed development