1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

12/03/2004

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Holistic demonstration includes integrated cultivation of Agri-Horti-Silvi technologies. Along with the Soil & water Conservation structures suitable to the site.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Holistic demonstration was taken in the upper reach, middle reach and lower reach (2 hectares each) in a village in the watershed. The demonstration units includes soil & water consercvation structures also. Crop demonstration with integrated pest management, seed treatment, pitcher irrigation practices, varietal trails were implemented to increase the overall per capita income of the farmer. However, the suitable SWC was according to the site of lower reach/ upper reach or middle reach. The plot was accommodated with suitable field crops, horticultural species either on the bunds or in the fiels itself and some fodder crops, some forestry species etc.

Purpose of the Technology: The demonstration units now serve as the units of awareness brining in understanding the holistic approach and also to encourage the other farmers to replicate the same in their fields.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: (1) site selection with concerned farmer, (2) design and preparation of estimates by the project staff, (3) discussion with the VWDC and community, (4) discussion regarding contribution with the farmer (5) layout and construction by the project staff with the contribution from the concerned farmers.

Natural / human environment: This technology was taken up in the semi arid condition and in the erratic rainfall conditin.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Mainly from the SWC specialist

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Crop land : Low yields due to erosion, less soil moisture, shallow to medium soils. Poor and erratic rainfall, water holding capacity is less.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Crop land - Uncertain rainfall, more soil loss and poor yields.

Semi-nomadism / pastoralism: the village cattle are let free for grazing on the common land for some time in the day and they go back and then I is again stall feeding.

Plantation forestry: Yes

Other type of forest: others (scattered)

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: During kharif (monsoon) season the main crop is redgram (Tur), in addition few cereals were taken, followed by jowar in the major rabi (post-monsoon) crop. No cultivation was o\bserved in summer, farmer are now cultivating vegetable and fruit crop,

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Water supply: Also mixed rainfed - irrigated and post-flooding (both ranked 2)

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 120 Longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Oct Second longest growing period in days: 120 Second longest growing period from month to month: Nov - Feb

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 最小的土壤扰动
• 病虫害综合管理（包括有机农业）
• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.12 km2.

The technology area comprises of 2 ha area each in upper reach, middle reach and lower reach in a village of the watershed. In this area cultivation of agri-horti-silvi practices, agronomic trials, in-situ conservation etc were taken with active involvement of the the farmers.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Main causes of degradation: other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify, poverty / wealth (lack of captial)

Secondary causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (other (migration)), labour availability (lack of labour, cost of labour), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Lower Reach holistic demonstration plot showing various soil & moisture conservation structures, field crops and bund stabilization by vegetation.

Location: Bennur-B nala watershed Chitapur taluk. Chitapur taluk, Gulbarga District (Karnataka state

Date: 20.4.2004

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: high

Main technical functions: increase in organic matter, water harvesting / increase water supply, increase in soil fertility

Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, improvement of ground cover, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: saplings
Quantity/ density: 100
Remarks: layout

Contour planting / strip cropping
Material/ species: sapplings
Quantity/ density: 360
Remarks: layout

Legume inter-planting
Quantity/ density: 200
Remarks: layout

Agronomic measure: others (vermicompost)
Material/ species: material

Minimum tillage
Remarks: material

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: G : grass
Number of plants per (ha): 100
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 500

Trees/ shrubs species: Neem, Glyricdia, Pongamia, Bamboo

Fruit trees / shrubs species: Mango. Tamarind, Lime, Sapota, Clustard apple

Grass species: Napiar

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 3.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 2.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 1.00%

Dam/ pan/ pond
Vertical interval between structures (m): 4
Spacing between structures (m): 50
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 3
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 12
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 12
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 3
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 12
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 12

Bund/ bank: semi-circular/V shaped trapezoidal
Vertical interval between structures (m): 4
Spacing between structures (m): 50
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 3
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 50
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.9
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 3
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 50

Structural measure: pit, sediment sand / trap
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1
Spacing between structures (m): 30-40
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.3
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.3
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 6
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.9
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 3
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 50

Structural measure: other (brushwood dam)
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1
Spacing between structures (m): 80
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 6
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.9
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 0

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 1%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 2%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 1%

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:10

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Change of land use type: Multidimensional participatory holistic farming system, fallow to cultivable land

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Rupees

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

46.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Digging of pits	植物性的	Sumer
2.	Procurement of seed/ seedlings	植物性的	Before rainy season
3.	Sowing of grass, shrub seeds	植物性的	After first shower
4.	Planting of sappling	植物性的	After first shower
5.	Survey/ layout	结构性的	April
6.	Excavation of ditches	结构性的	may
7.	Transportation of stones to the site	结构性的	May
8.	Construction of bunds, farm pond	结构性的	may
9.	Construction of brushwood dam, doh	结构性的	June
10.	Training, capacity building of the farmer	管理	february - March
11.	Establishment of sructural measures	管理	April-June
12.	establishment of vegetative measures	管理	July-September

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	510.0	510.0	10.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	114.0	114.0	3.0
植物材料	Seedlings	ha	1.0	169.0	169.0	74.0
肥料和杀菌剂	fertilizer	ha	1.0	157.0	157.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Biocides	ha	1.0	76.0	76.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Compost/manure	ha	1.0	15.0	15.0	10.0
施工材料	Stone	ha	1.0	110.0	110.0	3.0
施工材料	Wood	ha	1.0	10.0	10.0	3.0
施工材料	Earth	ha	1.0	26.0	26.0	2.0
其它	Pitcher pots	ha	1.0	72.0	72.0
技术建立所需总成本					1259.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 36 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Mulching	农业学的	Summer / each cropping season
2.	Across slope ploughing	农业学的	Summer / each cropping season
3.	In-situ maisture conservation	农业学的	before sowing /
4.	Watering	植物性的	summer /once in 10 days
5.	Weeding, mulching	植物性的	2-3 months after planting /twice in a year
6.	Re-seeding of grass/ shrub	植物性的	before first shower /up to 2 years
7.	casualty replacement	植物性的	before first shower /1, 2, and 3rd years
8.	fencing	植物性的	during sumer period /every summer season of 2nd, 3rd and 4th year
9.	Repair of breaches in bund	结构性的	July to september/as required
10.	Desilting of traps	结构性的	October-November/annual
11.	Refresher interaction with farmer	管理	/ seasonally
12.	Rgular meetings	管理	/ as and when required

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	51.0	51.0	100.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	11.1	11.1	100.0
植物材料	Seedlings	ha	1.0	16.9	16.9	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Fertilizer	ha	1.0	15.7	15.7
肥料和杀菌剂	Biocides	ha	1.0	7.6	7.6
施工材料	Stone	ha	1.0	11.0	11.0	100.0
施工材料	Wood	ha	1.0	1.0	1.0	100.0
施工材料	Earth	ha	1.0	2.6	2.6	100.0
其它	Pitcher pots	ha	1.0	7.2	7.2	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					124.1

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Non availability of stones, boulders

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 101-500 m a.s.l. (422.8 m a.s.l.)
Landforms: Plateu/plains (3-4% slope, ranked 1), ridges (ranked 2)
Slopes on average: Gentle (3-4%)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Moderately deep (60 cm, ranked 1) and deep (ranked 2)
Soil fertility: Medium (eroded soils)
Topsoil organic matter: Low (absence of vegetation)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Poor (high run-off from stony surface)
Soil water storage capacity: Very low

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%
7% of the land users are average wealthy and own 26% of the land.
65% of the land users are poor and own 58% of the land.
28% of the land users are poor and own 16% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: Off season employment

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

452

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

60% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

417 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: survey results

5% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

35 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Overall returns fro\m the piece of land is increased owing to horticulture and agriculture crops. Biomass increases. This is seen by other farmers and they are motivated to go for its adaption.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Economic sustainability How can they be sustained / enhanced? vegetative and green manure vermicompost etc.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Effective SWC How can they be sustained / enhanced? maibntenance by the individual farmers
water harvesting How can they be sustained / enhanced? Desilting structure
Integrated approach How can they be sustained / enhanced? regular contact
increased production How can they be sustained / enhanced? Integrated cultivation

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Production (benefits) adversly affected due to drought.	Due to longer dry spel in the area (last three years)

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Non-availability of agricultural improved seed material at local level	by linkage of VWDCs with the Agricultural Research Station and Krishi Vignyan Kendra.
conflicts	demands by more number of farmers could not be met by the project at a time.