1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

05/07/1999

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Digging of planting beds to increase soil depth for higher moisture retention in the rootzone.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Description: Excavating the planting bed to remove the infertile sub-soil and separate the top soil. The top soi is later mixed with farm yard manure and returned into the excauated are to form the planting bed. Purpose: Improvement of water retention and root zone storage through increased depth of soil. Helps to increase the yields of crops. Maintenance: Involves repairing the shoulders of the raised beds and addition of organic manures to improve fertility. Environment: Suitable for vegetable gardens around the dweling areas but can be adopted for field crops with high value. Areas with rock outcrops and shallow underlying rocks are not suitable due to limited depth.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Kenya Institute of Organic Farming - Kabete, Nairobi

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): - Poor soil fertility, Shallow soil depth limiting penetration, Striga weed problem.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Poor soil moisture availability - Unavailability of production inputs.

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: Shifting cultivation: major food crop = maize, cotton
fallow cultivation: major food crop = maize / cassava
continuous cropping: major cash crop = cotton, major food crop = sorghum, other = maize / cassava
ley farming: major cash crop = sugarcane

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Water supply: Also full irrigation

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 120 Longest growing period from month to month: Mar - JulSecond longest growing period in days: 90 Second longest growing period from month to month: Sep - Nov

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 改良的地面/植被覆盖
• 最小的土壤扰动

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 1.5 m2.

the technology is being practiced in the district. The practice is spatially scattered within the divisions where other technologies are also being practiced.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: agronomic measures

Type of agronomic measures: deep tillage / double digging

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content, Ha: aridification

Main causes of degradation: other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (soils with poor moisture retention leading to erratic cropping pattern), education, access to knowledge and support services (Lack of knowledge)

Secondary causes of degradation: poverty / wealth (Lack of captial - quite a high number of people are poor.)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: low

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: increase in organic matter, increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, improvement of soil structure

Secondary technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap

Deep tillage / double digging
Remarks: The bed width need to be narrowto allow ease of operations by attendant

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Kenya shilling

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

65.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	layout of seedbeds	结构性的
2.	Excavation to remove the top soil	结构性的	Dry season
3.	Excavation to remove the subsoil	结构性的	Dry season
4.	mixing top soil with manure	结构性的	Dry season
5.	returning the mixture to the excavated bed	结构性的	Dry season

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	.Layout of planting beds	农业学的	Dry season / Whenever necessary
2.	Excavation to remove top soil	农业学的	Dry season /
3.	Excavation to remove subsoil	农业学的	Dry season / once for all
4.	Mixing top soil with manure	农业学的	Dry season / As necessary
5.	returning the mixture to the excavated bed	农业学的	Dry season / once for all
6.	repairing raised edges of tillage beds	结构性的	dry season/every season
7.	digging in manure	结构性的	dry season/on demand
8.	mulch application	结构性的	all year/during cropping

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

area of land affected by the technology (beds)

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour is the most important and is abudant, at a cost of KES 50 or U$ 0.8 per man day. Opportunities of group work can be employed to reduce total cost of technology establishment.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Slopes on average: gentle

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil texture: sandy, clay, loam

Soil fertility is low - medium

Soil drainage / infiltration is medium - good

Soil water storage capacity is low - medium

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: > 500 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 3% - 4%

5% of the land users are rich and own 5% of the land (dwell in towns).
35% of the land users are average wealthy and own 40% of the land (rely on land /off farm employment).
60% of the land users are poor and own 55% of the land (have no other form of income except land).

Off-farm income specification: due to poor soils and low moisture availability for crop production most people rely on off farm employment for survival

Level of mechanization: tsefly problem has reduced oxen population and there are availability and affordability problems for many years for mechanised cultivation.

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 10-50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

190 households

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: for projects and groups as for women, seeking income generating activities

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Water Conservation and harvesting - A minor Field Study.. 2001.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

SWCB, MOARD Nairobi, Kenya