1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Book project: SLM in Practice - Guidelines and Best Practices for Sub-Saharan Africa (SLM in Practice)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Norwegian University of Life Sciences (Norwegian University of Life Sciences) - 挪威

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Seed priming and microfertilization are two agronomic measures to increase soil fertility and increase crop harvests in semi-arid drylands.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Seed priming consists of soaking seeds for 8 hours prior to sowing and microfertilization is the application of small amounts of mineral fertilizer to the planting hole.

Purpose of the Technology: Seed priming and microfertilization have been found to be effective in increasing pearl millet and sorghum yields under dryland cropping systems. It is also applicable for cowpeas, groundnuts and sesame. Priming will increase the water use efficiency because the seed can start to germinate immediately after sowing. Results from Mali (Koro and Segou) show that yields can be increased by 50 % if microfertilization is combined with seed priming. Other benefits are reduced labour constraints (thanks to simultaneous application) and risk reduction. Seed priming and microfertilization can be practiced independently from each other; however, the combination reduces the risk of crop failure and shows best results in terms of yield increase. Microfertilization has also been mechanised in Mali.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Seed priming should be carried out after a rain shower sufficient for sowing (15-20 mm) at the beginning of the rainy season. After soaking, the seeds should be air dried for 1 hour prior to sowing (to reduce the stickiness of the seeds and to reduce risk of burning by fertilizer). Fertilizer (NPK 16-16-16; or DAP) is applied at a micro-dose of 0.3 g per planting station, equivalent to 3-8 kg fertilizer/ha, dependent on plant population density. The air-dried seeds and the fertilizer can be applied simultaneously by first mixing the seeds and the fertilizer and thereafter taking a pinch of the mixture between the thumb and the forefinger.

Natural / human environment: The Mopti region is located in the semi-arid Sahel with an average annual rainfall of 400-800 mm during one 3.5 month rainy season. A participatory rural appraisal (PRA) study undertaken in 1999 identified soil fertility as one of the farmers’ most serious constraints.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 在实验/研究期间
• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): soil fertility decline, insufficiency or unavailability of arable lands, population growth and its impact on reducing land availability, frequency and length of fallow periods, insufficient flooding of the plains, increasing soil erosion

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 土壤肥力综合管理

• Seed priming

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: agronomic measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Main causes of degradation: soil management (Use of organic and inorganic fertilisers lower than recommended, reduction in fallow period), crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub) (removal of crop residues), other human induced causes (specify) (clearing and cultivation of marginal lands), other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (natural low soil fertility and fragile soils), population pressure

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: low

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,…)

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

CFA

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Soak seeds for 8 hours prior to sowing	农业学的	onset of rainy season, late June
2.	Mix seeds and NPK fertilizer (16-16-16) or DAP at a ratio of 1:1	农业学的	before sowing
3.	Sow seeds and fertilizer simultaneously and cover with soil		None

注释:

Seed priming and microfertilization are agronomic measures which are carried out repeatedly each cropping season. All activities are listed under maintenance / recurrent activities (below). There is no establishment phase (as defined by WOCAT). Seed priming can be started after sufficient rain for sowing has been received. If the method fails, it can be repeated again. Option: If farmers have the resources to buy higher amount of fertilizer and if the season is promising, they can apply 2 g fertilizer per pocket at first weeding (20 days after sowing). This results in higher yields but also requires an additional operation for the farmer, tripling the labour inputs for fertilizer application. If this practice is adopted, it is not necessary to apply 0.3 g fertilizer at sowing. All activities are carried out by manual labour; microfertilisation has partly been mechanised, using an ox-drawn implement.

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	1.0	1.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Fertilizer	ha	1.0	2.0	2.0
技术维护所需总成本					3.0

注释:

Machinery/ tools: weeding tool

Sowing can alternatively be mechanised, which will cause establishment costs (purchase of the sowing machine)

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Fertilizers

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 1001-500 m a.s.l. (260m)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: Low

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

其它社会经济效应

生态影响

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	未知

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	未知
局地风暴	未知

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	未知

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	未知

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

The technology has a benefit-cost ratio of 10 (increased production value is 10 times higher than the costs for additional fertilizer). Compared to the 6 g microfertilisation method (using Coke caps) cost-benefits ratio of 0.3 g treatment is 8-20 times hi

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 50-90%

注释:

50% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: Field officers from NGO’s report that in some villages in the “Dogon area” in the Mopti region more than 50 % of the farmers are using the technologies on their own initiative.

There is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Microfertilization has become a very popular technology in some area in Mali.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Decreased financial resources needed for purchasing fertilizer, makes the technology feasible for poor small-scale farmers
No additional labour inputs (the technology does not significantly increase sowing time due to simultaneous application of seeds and fertilizer)
Adaptability to different land use systems: micro-fertilization can also be mechanised

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Dependence partly on availability of mineral fertilizer	the technology should be combined with complementary methods for maintenance of soil fertility, such as increased recycling of crop residues as mulch and manure application

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Aune JB, Doumbia M, Berthe A (2007): Microfertilizing sorghum and pearl millet in Mali - Agronomic, economic and social feasibility in Outlook on AGRICULTURE Vol 36, No 3, 2007, pp 199–203;

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Aune JB, Doumbia M, Berthe A (2005): Integrated Plant Nutrient Management Report 1998-2004; Drylands Coordination Group Report 36, Norway;

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Aune JB, Bationo A (2008): Agricultural intensification in the Sahel. Agricultural Systems 98: 119-125

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Habima, D. 2008. Drylands ecofarming: An analysis of ecological farming prototypes in two Sahelian zones: Koro and Bankass. M.Sc Thesis, UMN, Ås, Norway