1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

20/05/2002

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Check dam refers to dam that constructed in the gullies or river ways and the height of the dam is often lower than 5m.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Check dams are built in the gully systems to harvest water and sediment. Usually many check dams are built in a gully or waterway to control the gully erosion. Check dams can be classified into "masonry dam", "check dam of earth", "check dam with willow" according to materials. Some strong masonry can last more than 10 years. As willow pegs in the "check dam with willow" can grow into timber after years.
Maintenance work should be done before rainy seasons every year so as to prevent the dam from destruction.
Following are the building procedures:

Masonry dam & check dam using earth:
1. Preparation---Removing grass, roots and surface soil; Digging a channel along an axis of a check dam in order to combine the dam and the bed firmly.
2. Construction---If a dam is planned to be made of earth, do scarification first, then adding earth (about 0.3m thick) and ramming it into 0.2m layer by layer. Building the dam with stones and/or rocks.
3. Base---If a bed of a gully consists of earth or sand, "base" should be built at the downstream feet of the dam. Length of the base should be twice as that of the dam and thickness should be 50-70cm.
4. Building a spillway at the top of the dam.

Check dam with willow:
1. Removing grass, roots and surface soil.
2. Cutting branches from willow; chopping the branches into pegs with the thick ends wedge.
3. Inserting the pegs into the ground.
4. Entwining wattles from willows around the pegs compactly.
5. Filling the space between two rows of pegs with stones, bricks, treetops etc. Making the stuff surface 10cm lower than the pegtop.
6. Combining the dam into a whole with iron chains.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

注释（项目类型等）:

Experiences from the local people's many SWC practice.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Serious gully erosion by water.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Gullies were widened and deepened greatly in the rainy season and crop land area is decreasing above the gully edges.

Constraints of urban land use

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 180Longest growing period from month to month: Apr - Sep

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 地表水管理（泉、河、湖、海）

• reduce loss of cropland

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 100-1,000 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 145 m2.

As a traditional SWC technology, check dams have been used widely in China.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), poverty / wealth (Lack of captial)

Secondary causes of degradation: other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify, education, access to knowledge and support services (Lack of knowledge), Lack of enforcement of legislat./authority

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Description of Building Check Dam Procedures

Location: the Loess Plateau. Shanxi, Beijing

Date: 2000

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard, water harvesting / increase water supply, water spreading

Secondary technical functions: increase / maintain water stored in soil

Construction material (earth): Loessial earth

Construction material (stone): if available

Construction material (wood): willow pegs

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 30%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 16%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 90%

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:30

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

RMB Yuan

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

8.27

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Preparation	结构性的
2.	Construction	结构性的	Before rainy season

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 120 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	reparing after rainstorm.	结构性的

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

Length, width and height of check dams.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Sizes and materials of the check dams.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凹陷情况

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Slopes on average also gentle, moderate and rolling

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: low

Soil drainage / infiltration: medium

Soil water storage capacity: low

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2

Annual population growth: < 0.5%

30% of the land users are average wealthy and own 20% of the land (No difference).

Off-farm income specification: The land users who made the check dams can own more "deposited land". Generally these deposited land is fertile and produces high yield.

Level of mechanization: animal traction: on steep slope

Level of mechanization: mechanized/motorized: plateau or gully flat.

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）

6.1 该技术的现场影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 大于 50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

180 household are using the technology and represent 65 percent of the poeple living in the stated area

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 10-50%

注释:

55% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

150 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

10% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

30 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: In the past (planning economy)SWC activities are administrative action to call local land users to carry out, but nowadays in the market economic conditions, if no or little benefits obtained, land users would not like to do any more.

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

How to design the dry masonry dam in the Hanjiachuan watershed. Tianyuzhu, Wangzuliang. Beijing. Water conservation in Beijing.. 2000.3.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Library of the Resource and Environmental Department of the Beijing Normal Univ.

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Consideration about the check dam design and application. Liu shunzong. Soil and water conservation in China.. 1990.6.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Library of the Resource and Environmental Department of the Beijing Normal Univ.

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Special Planning of Soil and Water Conservation in Xinzhou Region, Shanxi Province. 1986-2000.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Library of the Resource and Environmental Department of the Beijing Normal Univ.

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

The application of the Check dam with willow in controlling gully erosion.Tu xingwen. Soil and water conservation in China.. 1986.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Library of the Resource and Environmental Department of the Beijing Normal Univ.