方法

Check Dam [中国]

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approaches_2397 - 中国

完整性: 86%

1. 一般信息

1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

关键资源人员

SLM专业人员:
SLM专业人员:
有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称(如相关)
Department of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University (Department of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University) - 中国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

1.4 SLM技术问卷的参考

Check Dam
technologies

Check Dam [中国]

Check dam refers to dam that constructed in the gullies or river ways and the height of the dam is often lower than 5m.

  • 编制者: Haiyan WEI

2. SLM方法的描述

2.1 该方法的简要说明

Check dam is a kind of sediment storage dam of 5m below and is built in channels to control the down cutting of channel bed.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Aims / objectives: Xifeng county is one of the key areas of soil erosion control in China. In order to reduce the local soil erosion, and also to bring certain economic benefits to local residents, the Ministry of Water Resources is in charge of check dam construction activities.
Check dam is widely used in controlling soil erosion. The training is a main approach to promotion of the check dam technology. It is necessary to mobilize local people to participate in construction, while providing to them some cash subsidies. In such a way local people can get economic benefits, and strengthen their awareness and
knowledge of soil and water conservation.

Methods: Main objectives: (1) Elevating erosion basis of channel bed to prevent the channel down cutting and channel bank expansion, and decrease channel gradient. (2) Storing silt and reducing the amount of sediment, transported into the rivers. (3) Decreasing channel flow rates and reducing the flood risk of the lower reaches. (4) Debris flow control by use of strong permanent check dams. (5) Making channel silted to form sediment-covered terraces for future use.

Stages of implementation: Implemetation procedure: (1) site selection and design; (2) material preparation, labor recruitment and temporary road buliding; (3) main project construction.

Other important information: The construction cost of check dam is determined by project quality requirements, difficulty of construction, work size, construction technology, and some other factors. Regional factors have also an important impact. Therefore, the investment is mainly made by government with local supporting funds. Check dam construction is often
associated with plant cultivation, aquaculture design and other measures to make comprehensive use of sediment retention and water storage. It can increase agricultural productivity and farmers’ income in addition to improve local environment.

2.3 该方法的照片

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

国家:

中国

区域/州/省:

Shanxi, Beijing

有关地点的进一步说明:

Xifeng

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

注明开始年份:

1960

2.7 方法的类型

  • 传统/本土

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The Approach focused on SLM only

1) Fixation and raise of erosion basis, preventing down cutting of channel and channel bank expansion. 2) Making channel silted to form sediment-covered terraces for farming. 3) Decreasing channel gradient and flow rates and reducing the flood risk of the lower reaches.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: 1) Serious debris flow which causes tremendous economic loss and threats to the residents safety. 2) Serious soil erosion, especially down cutting and expansion of gully. 3) Poor local economy, lack of funds and technology for soil erosion control.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

社会/文化/宗教规范和价值观
  • 阻碍

Unawareness of soil and conservation knowledge.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Strengthening education and training.

财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性
  • 阻碍

More investment needed for mortar stone check dam.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Government and company investment to develop eco-industry.

法律框架(土地使用权、土地和水使用权)
  • 阻碍

The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights hindered a little the approach implementation The state has ownership of the land resources, land users can only lease the land for a period of time, they worry about their land would be transferred to others.

了解SLM,获得技术支持
  • 阻碍

Check dam design and construction need qualified technicians.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Professionals and training.

3. 相关利益相关者的参与和角色

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

  • 当地土地使用者/当地社区

Working land users were mainly men (In 1960s and 1970s, the SWC activities mainly distributed and administrated to farmers to do in leisure time(winter), and grouped to build check dams, terraces, etc

Existing groups of land users;

Those who live in gully areas and have less flat crop land provide their advices and requirement to the government and decision makers.

  • 国家政府(规划者、决策者)
3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段
当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与 指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机 外部支持 Mainly:public meetings; partly: workshops/seminars; Series of site meetings to explain the SWC to the land users.
计划 外部支持 Mainly: public meetings; partly: workshops/seminars
实施 互动 casual labour
监测/评估 互动 Mainly: interviews/questionnaires; partly: reporting;
Research 自我动员 on-station

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:
  • 政治家和领袖
解释:

consultative.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by politicians / leaders. directive (top-down).

4. 技术支持、能力建设和知识管理

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训?:

明确受训人员:
  • 土地使用者
  • extensionists/trainers, politicians/decision makers
培训形式:
  • 农民对农民
  • 公开会议
  • 课程
涵盖的主题:

The approach provide the training about the technology, such as check dam dimension and materials etc.

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗?:

指明是否提供了咨询服务:
  • 在土地使用者的土地上
说明/注释:

The Basic Farmland Construction; Key elements: Government plan, design, distribute, Farmers implement; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system 2) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system; Extension staff: mainly government employees 3) Target groups for extension: land users; Activities: Field visit and demonstration

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; At each government level, there is a SWC division which is in charge of SWC activities including extension.

4.3 机构强化(组织发展)

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构?:
  • 是,适度
具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:
  • 本地
具体说明支持类型:
  • 财务
  • 能力建设/培训

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗?:

注释:

bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: debris flow frequency,speed,volume, time and damage

technical aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: damage degree

socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: accredited attitude for debris flow control and part icipation in check dam building.

economic / production aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: control area

area treated aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: science and rationality of Management

no. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: None

management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Improving the construction method so as to make the check dams much durable.

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

明确话题:
  • 经济/市场营销
  • 生态学
  • 技术
提供进一步的细节,并指出是谁做的研究:

Manual and criteria for standardization design and construction.

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

5. 融资和外部物质支持

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算,请给出一个范围:
  • 100,000-1,000,000
注释(例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (national): 90.0%; local community / land user(s) (-): 10.0%

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持?:

5.3 对特定投入的补贴(包括劳动力)

  • 设备
具体说明哪些投入得到了补贴 程度如何 对补贴做出具体说明
机械 充分融资
如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入,那么是不是:
  • 以现金支付
注释:

Before 1970s, the SWC activities were obligation, but after that some subsidies were provided by government.

Labour can also be voluntarely or rewarded with other material support

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值?:

对条件(利率、回报等)进行具体说明:

Interest rate charged: 2.0%

Interest was lower than market rate.

6. 影响分析和结论性陈述

6.1 方法的影响

该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

Harvesting runoff in the rainy season and making 'deposited flat land'.

该方法是否改善了阻碍SLM技术实施的土地使用权/用户权问题?:
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

The SWC activities were organized to implement by local communities which can properly deal with the relationship. The problem is likely to be overcome in the near future. The SWC applied area can be contracted for a long time between land ownership and users.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
  • 是,很少
  • 是,中等
  • 是,支持力度很大

The method will help to control debris flow; the check dam is widely used

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施(无外部支持的情况下)?:

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Mitigating damage caused by debris flow and floods (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Making planning and design on watershed management)
编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Erosion control to decrease sediment (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Check dams building.)
More effective use of rainfall resources (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Develop compound management with cultivation and aquaculture.)
Increasing farmer’s income (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Completing irrigation facility and establishing economic forest)

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险 如何克服它们?
After abolition of the compulsory labor and accumulative labor service, the enthusiasm and willingness of farmers to participation is lowered Some measures shoule be taken by government at all levels to stimulte and encourage farmers to participate in the construction work
编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险 如何克服它们?
Large investment. Multi-level investment system, which includes national investment with local support, labor input by farmers, and use of foreign and social funds.

7. 参考和链接

7.1 方法/信息来源

  • 根据报告和其他现有文档进行编译

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Special Planning of Soil and Water Conservation in Xinzhou Region , Shanxi Province (1986-2000)

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Library of the Resource and Environmental Department of the Beijing Normal Univ.

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

The application of the Check dam with willow in controlling gully erosion.Tu xingwen. Soil and water conservation in China, 1986.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Library of the Resource and Environmental Department of the Beijing Normal Univ.

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

How to design the dry masonry dam in the Hanjiachuan watershed. Tianyuzhu, Wangzuliang. Beijing. Water conservation in Beijing, 2000.3

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Library of the Resource and Environmental Department of the Beijing Normal Univ.

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Consideration about the check dam design and application. Liu shunzong. Soil and water conservation in China, 1990.6

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Library of the Resource and Environmental Department of the Beijing Normal Univ.

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