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Terrace [中国]

创建： 12/29/2010 7:38 a.m.
更新： 03/08/2017 2:45 p.m.
编制者： Meili WEN
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审查者： David Streiff

Terrace

technologies_1367 - 中国

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完整性： 67%

1. 一般信息

2. SLM技术的说明

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

A terrace is a kind of measure to change the slope, which has a raised bank of earth or stone with vertical or sloping sides and a approximately flat top.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

A terrace has a raised bank of earth or stone with vertical or sloping sides and a approximately flat top. It can reduce slope angle and length, retain runoff, increase infiltration and reduce the soil loss. Crops can grow well because water increases in soils. Meanwhile, ground cover is improved. Terrace can be constructed by manual labor or machine. Firstly, determining the width of the field according to the slope angle and soil texture. Secondly, putting the topsoil aside. Thirdly, leveling up the slope and constructing banks. At last, putting the topsoil to the top of the flat surface.

2.3 技术照片

媒体库

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

中国

区域/州/省:

Shaanxi, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Gansu

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

注释（项目类型等）:

Summary from farmers' long term experience in SWC, later being innovated.

3. SLM技术的分类

3.1 该技术的主要目的

减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

农田

一年一作
乔木与灌木的种植

主要农作物（经济作物及粮食作物）:

maize, Pease

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Soil and water lose seriously, soil degrades, soil fertility decreases and crop yield declines.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): crop yield declines, weak ability of resisting drought

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

雨养

注释:

Water supply also mixed rainfed - irrigated

每年的生长季节数:

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 160Longest growing period from month to month: May-Sep

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

横坡措施

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

> 10,000 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 26666.7 m2.

Terrace is one of the most outstanding achievements in SWC in China. It can prevent soil and water loss so that slope land can be sustainable development. There are about 26.7 million ha of terrace in China, of which more than 13.3

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

结构措施

S1：阶地

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

土壤水蚀

Wt：表土流失/地表侵蚀

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

减少土地退化

4. 技术规范、实施活动、投入和成本

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

作者:

BAI Zhanguo, Beijing China

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Drawings of a terrace building in the Loess Plateau

Location: the Loess Plateau. Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Gansu, Inner Mongolia

Date: 2002

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length

Construction material (earth): Construct ridge of terrace

Construction material (stone): Construct ridge of terrace

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 25%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 10%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 80%

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:6

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

美元

注明雇用劳工的每日平均工资成本:

3.00

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	survey	结构性的	After harvesting crop
2.	constructing terrace: determine the excavation line which should make the excavation and the filling equal and the least workload	结构性的	After harvesting crop, before raining season
3.	constructing terrace: pilling mellow soil up to the middle of a bench	结构性的	After harvesting crop, before raining season
4.	constructing terrace: moving the immature soil of lower part to fill the upper part or moving the soil from inside to fill up outside	结构性的	After harvesting crop, before raining season
5.	constructing terrace: building the ridge	结构性的	After harvesting crop, before raining season
6.	constructing terrace: spreading the mellow soil on the surface	结构性的	After harvesting crop, before raining season

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	periodically inspecting	结构性的	After a storm/About 1 year
2.	repairing where terrace is collapsed	结构性的	Whenever finding it is destroyed/timely
3.	level up the field	结构性的	after harvesting crops/timely

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

Terrace section, building by bulldozer.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The factors are topography, soil texture, means of construction. The section of terrace is the most important factor.

5. 自然和人文环境

5.1 气候

年降雨量

< 250毫米
251-500毫米
501-750毫米
751-1,000毫米
1,001-1,500毫米
1,501-2,000毫米
2,001-3,000毫米
3,001-4,000毫米
> 4,000毫米

指定年平均降雨量（若已知），单位为mm:

449.00

农业气候带

半干旱

5.2 地形

平均坡度:

水平（0-2%）
缓降（3-5%）
平缓（6-10%）
滚坡（11-15%）
崎岖（16-30%）
陡峭（31-60%）
非常陡峭（>60%）

地形:

高原/平原
山脊
山坡
山地斜坡
麓坡
谷底

垂直分布带:

0-100 m a.s.l.
101-500 m a.s.l.
501-1,000 m a.s.l.
1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
> 4,000 m a.s.l.

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Slopes on average also rolling

5.3 土壤

平均土层深度:

非常浅（0-20厘米）
浅（21-50厘米）
中等深度（51-80厘米）
深（81-120厘米）
非常深（> 120厘米）

土壤质地（表土）:

中粒（壤土、粉土）

表土有机质:

低（<1%）

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: low

Soil drainage / infiltration: good

Soil water storage capacity: low

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

非农收入:

收入的10-50%

相对财富水平:

平均水平
丰富

机械化水平:

畜力牵引
机械化/电动

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2

Annual population growth: < 0.5%

Relative level of wealth: all selected

Relative level of wealth: very rich, rich, average, poor, very poor

5% of the land users are very rich and own 10% of the land.
10% of the land users are rich and own 10% of the land.
70% of the land users are average wealthy and own 60% of the land.
10% of the land users are poor and own 10% of the land.
5% of the land users are poor and own 10% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: estimate

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

州
社区/村庄

6. 影响和结论性说明

6.1 该技术的现场影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

地表径流

增加

降低

SLM之前的数量:

SLM之后的数量:

土壤

土壤流失

增加

降低