1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

07/07/1999

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

To rehabilitate/stabilise distorted wetlands as close as possible to its original state/function.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Two wetland rehabilitation sites that are part of a large wetland area (15 and 10ha).

Purpose of the Technology: The purpose of the rehabilitation work was to stabilise, landscape and re-vegetate distorted areas to again fulfil their original function in the catchment.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Maintenance included follow-up on re-seeding distorted areas and alien plant control (cut down plants and treads strips with roundup). Structure maintenance (such as gabions, roads) is also done.
Fire management to protect and manage the area of rehabilitation until such time as it has proved to be stabilised. Leave for ± 3 years before considering burning.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Subjective inputs/discussions with specialists in variety of disciplines (scientist, botanists, hydrologists, managers, ecologists)

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 保护生态系统

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Afforestation: Pine plantations destroys diversity, also has a major effect on quality & quantity of water run-off, mining opencast activities

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Production of wood/timber, job creation

Ranching: Game occur natural in this area/nature reserve

Grazingland comments: Area in which these two wetlands are situated is proclaimed conservation land. The aim is to manage the area in an as natural as possible condition as it was historically.

Type of grazing system comments: Area in which these two wetlands are situated is proclaimed conservation land. The aim is to manage the area in an as natural as possible condition as it was historically.

Constraints of nature reserve: Fire management/adjacent to pine plantations

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 240; Longest growing period from month to month: Oct - May

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 区域封闭（停止使用，支持恢复）
• 湿地保护/管理

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 0.1-1 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.3 km2.

Wetland rehabilitation work has been executed on two wetlands in the upper catchment of the Blyde River in Mpumalanga.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: vegetative measures, structural measures, management measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main causes of degradation: industrial activities and mining, education, access to knowledge and support services (Mineral affairs don’t inspect and allows anything.), Lack of enforcement of legislat./authority (2.1.3.2 Government has not enough authority), Mining

Secondary causes of degradation: Forestry

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Wetland rehabilitation

Location: Blyde canyon. Mpumalanga

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of raindrop splash, control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, improvement of ground cover, increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, control of fires, fire management

Secondary technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: drain / divert, reduction of slope length, increase of surface roughness, increase in organic matter, water spreading, increase in soil fertility

Vegetative measure: contour
Vegetative material: G : grass
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.1
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5

Vegetative measure: graded strips
Vegetative material: G : grass

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass


Grass species: Eragrostis, Stiburus, Cynodon

Gradient along the rows / strips: 3.00%

Diversion ditch/ drainage
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 60

Structural measure: road
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.15
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 120

Structural measure: filling heddle

Structural measure: bunds/banks: contour
Vertical interval between structures (m): 0.15
Spacing between structures (m): 0.15

Construction material (earth): Contour muttrocking

Construction material (stone): At Heddlespruit: gabions & stonewall to spread high velocity runoff

Construction material (concrete): Strip road with 1m interval openings to allow for draining

Construction material (other): Heddle filling: pine logs, hay bales, wood chips

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Other type of management: Fire management

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

rand

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

8.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Hydro-seeding	植物性的	Directly after landscaping/levelling
2.	Hand seeding	植物性的	Directly after landscaping/levelling
3.	Harvesting & replanting of vlei grass	植物性的	Directly after landscaping/levelling
4.	Scarifying forming	植物性的	Directly after landscaping/levelling
5.	Horizontal chills	植物性的	Directly after landscaping/levelling
6.	Gabion building	结构性的	March
7.	Landscaping	结构性的	March
8.	Muttrocking	结构性的	April
9.	Replanting grasses	结构性的	April
10.	Hydroseeding	结构性的	April/May
11.	Tracers and firebreaks (to secure rehabilitation work)	管理	Autumn/winter

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Rehabilitate wetland	ha	1.0	56000.0	56000.0	80.0
技术建立所需总成本					56000.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Fire protection	植物性的	June /Once a year
2.	Gabion maintenance	植物性的	/Ad hoc
3.	Hydroseeding	结构性的	September/Once
4.	Gabion maintenance	结构性的	Ad hoc/Ad hoc
5.	Road maintenance	结构性的	Ad hoc/Ad hoc
6.	Tracers & firebreaks	管理	Autumn / Annual

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour: By using machinery where applicable, work can be done less expensive.
Weather conditions: High rainfall areas, delays work, can destroy half done/partially done processes.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Very shallow for Watervalspruit wetland and moderatly deep for Heddlespruit wetland

Soil texture: Coarse for Watervalspruit wetland and fine for Heddlespruit wetland

Topsoil organic matter: Medium for Heddlespruit wetland and low for Watervalspruit wetland

Soil fertility is high for Watervalspruit wetland and very low for Heddlespruit wetland

Soil drainage / infiltration is good for Watervalspruit wetland and medium for Heddlespruit wetland

Soil water storage capacity is very high for Heddlespruit wetland and medium for Watervalspruit wetland

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

(State budget limitations (Parks board)).

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州
• 公司

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

其它社会经济效应

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.5 技术采用

注释:

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: 3.4.2.4 Mpumalanga is the first. A proposal for the Lowveld has been submitted and also D. Lindley.
Moderate increase; next year there will be another wetland in the project.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Hydroseeding How can they be sustained / enhanced? Provides quick basal cover to limit erosion
Cement strip-road How can they be sustained / enhanced? Almost no maintenance necessary
Stabilization of erosion How can they be sustained / enhanced? Gabions well build, minimal maintenance

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Landscaping of stabilized areas	Must be done to re-shape area - no solution
Access roads	Correct choice of season for construction phase

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Business plan: Wetland rehabilitation, Blyde River Catchment

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Mpumalanga Parks Board, P.O. Box 511, Graskop 1270,Lydenburg,South Africa