1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Institut des Régions Arides de Médenine (Institut des Régions Arides de Médenine) - 突尼斯

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Commissariats Régionaux au Développement Agricole (CRDA) - 突尼斯

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

30/12/2008

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

The technology of check dam is a technique consisting of binding different gabion cages filled with small stones together to form a complete flexible gabion unit.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

In order to slow down the water flow in the wadi courses and improve its infiltration into deeper soil layers and geologic formations, small check dams are installed on the wadi beds. They are usually positioned in series, with a spacing of 100-500m. These dams are made of gabion.
The gabion technique has been first introduced in the civil engineering domain. They are largely used since then and found many applications.
A gabion is a cage which has a cubic shape filled with stony material of suitable diameter enclosed in metal grating keeping the stones together and stops them from moving under the pressure of water. The gabion is normally the name of the cage only but it is also used frequently for the whole structure itself. The technique of gabion check dam consists in binding different cages together to form a complete gabion unit. The average height varies from 1 to 4 m and its length is a function of the width of the wadi bed (Royet, 1992).

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

In the provinnce of Medenine, the first gabion check dams used for groudwater recharge and spreading have been constructed starting from 1985.

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): -Degradation of soil and land cover
-Loss of water and soil ressources
-Flooding

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Loss of water resources by flow out from the watershed

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Cropland: Ct: Tree and shrub cropping

Constraints of wadi beds: floods

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Grazing land: Ge: Extensive grazing land

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 180Longest growing period from month to month: Oct - Mar

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 集水
• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 10-100 平方千米

注释:

This technique is practiced in the Jeffara plain as well as in the mountain region.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Wr: riverbank erosion, Wo: offsite degradation effects

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (intensity)

Secondary causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, overgrazing (degradation of land cover), Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Main goals: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land
Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation
Third goal: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Gabion check dam is made of galvanised blocks filled with stones.

Location: Jeffara plain. Medenine, Tunisia

Date: January 2009

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: increase of groundwater level / recharge of groundwater

Secondary technical functions: increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply, water spreading, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting

Dam/ pan/ pond
Vertical interval between structures (m): 3-5
Spacing between structures (m): 100-500
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 1-4
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 4-6
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 30-100

Construction material (stone): The average length varies between 15 and 30 cm

Construction material (other): Gabion: Galvanised cages of 1 to 3 m3.

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 3-8%

Lateral gradient along the structure: <1%

Specification of dams/ pans/ ponds: Capacity 5000-15000m3

Catchment area: 1-3 ham2

Beneficial area: 30-100ham2

Other specifications: The whole structure has the form of a spillway.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Tunisian Dinars

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

1.3

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Topographic survey and selection of the site	结构性的
2.	Digging of the basement	结构性的
3.	Gabion installation	结构性的

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	Dam	1.0	5000.0	5000.0	100.0
施工材料	Construction material	dam	1.0	5000.0	5000.0	100.0
施工材料	Gabion cages	dam	1.0	10000.0	10000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					20000.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 1.5 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Repair of breaks	结构性的	each 1 to 2 years
2.	Reconstruction	结构性的	After heavy floods (once in 5-10 years)

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	dam	1.0	500.0	500.0	100.0
施工材料	construction material	dam	1.0	500.0	500.0	100.0
施工材料	Gabion cages	dam	1.0	1000.0	1000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					2000.0

注释:

Machinery/ tools: Generally, the work is manual but tractors can be used too.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

construction materials

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Availability of surface water: excess, medium, poor/ none (The wadi is almost always dry)
Water quality (untreated): Poor drinking water (treatement required) (from cisterns and wells) but good drinking water if pumped in the deep aquifer (100-300m)

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Difference in the involvement of women and men: Historically, the hard work is done by men.

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2

Annual population growth: < 0.5%

30% of the land users are rich and own 50% of the land.
60% of the land users are average wealthy and own 30% of the land.
10% of the land users are poor and own 20% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: Off-farm incomes come from migration, construction works, commerce, tourism sector, administration or informal activities.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

注释:

Generally, this technology is applied in the wadi beds which is considered as state owned but the local community can have access.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

Gabion chech dams are financed by the State

6.5 技术采用

注释:

Comments on acceptance with external material support: This technology is supposed to be implemented solely by the government agencicies but in some cases the farmers can make use of it.

Comments on spontaneous adoption: This technology is supposed to be implemented solely by the government agencicies but in some cases the farmers can make use of it.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Efficient structures How can they be sustained / enhanced? Regular and good maintenance

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Robust and flexible structures How can they be sustained / enhanced? Regular and good maintenance

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
They can not be fully exploited by the farmers	Change regulations.
Very expensive and cost not affordable by normal farmers	Continue subsidising by the government.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Accumulation of sediments	Desilting

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Yahyaoui, H., Chaieb, H., Ouessar, M. 2002. Impact des travaux de conservation des eaux et des sols sur la recharge de la nappe de Zeuss-Koutine (Sud-est tunisien). TRMP paper n° 40, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, pp: 71-86.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

IRA - Medenine; DGRE - Tunis

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Boufelgha et al. 1998. Comportement des ouvrages CES dans le bassin versant d’oued Koutine lors de la crue d'Octobre 1998. Rapport interne, CRDA, Médenine

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

CRDA Médenine

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Chniter et al. 2007. Comportement des ouvrages CES dans le bassin versant d’oued Oum Zessar lors de la crue de 22 Février 2007. Rapport interne, CRDA, Médenine

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

CRDA Médenine

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Sghaier, M., Mahdhi, N., De Graaff, J., Ouessar, M. 2002. Economic assessment of soil and water conservation works: case of the wadi Oum Zessar watershed in south-eastern Tunisia.TRMP paper n° 40, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, pp: 101-113.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

IRA

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Mahdhi, N., Sghaier, M, Ouessar, M. 2000. Analyse d’impacts des aménagements de CES en zone aride: cas du bassin versant d’Oued Oum Zessar. Technical report, WAHIA project, IRA, Tunisia.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

IRA

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Yahyaoui, H., Ouessar, M. 2000. Abstraction and recharge impacts on the ground water in the arid regions of Tunisia: Case of Zeuss-Koutine water table. UNU Desertification Series, 2: 72-78.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

IRA

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Ouessar M. 2007. Hydrological impacts of rainwater harvesting in wadi Oum Zessar watershed (Southern Tunisia). Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, 154 pp.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

IRA - Médenine;