1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

15/10/2006

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

V-ahaped sturcture on contour line in order to check sheet/reel erosion and for moisture retension.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

V-shaped structures on contour line .The size of the V ditch varies according to slope, depth of soil and soil texture. The V-ditch can be laid eithr in staggered or continuous. Purpose- 1. To control sheet and reel erosion 2. Retention of in situ soil moisture 3. To increase vegetative cover. Establishment/maintenance -- 1. Bunding, 2. Terracing, 3. Turfing, 4. Provisioin of outlets in contour lines. Environment:- Bio-Physical-1-Cropland-Annual 2. Grazing land-Extensive, 3. Forest, Socio-Economic- 1. land ownership-User Group (32 Members) 2. Land use rights-Usufructary Rights.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Integarted Watershed Development Project (World bank aided) in Khandhamal and Ganjam districts of Orissa

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): (i) Sheet & rill erosion (ii) Low Moisture status.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): (i) Erosion (ii) Vegetation survival (iii) Low productivity of land

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: No

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 150Longest growing period from month to month: Jun - OctSecond longest growing period in days: 75Second longest growing period from month to month: Nov - Jan

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施
• 集水

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.14 m2.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wo: offsite degradation effects

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), other human induced causes (specify) (agricultural causes), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge)

Secondary causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, overgrazing, droughts, land tenure (land subdivision), Land alienation

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

V-Ditch technical drawing

Location: QTInd16TechDraw.jpg

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap

Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, increase in soil fertility

Vegetative measure: Turfing of bund
Vegetative material: G : grass
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 2
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1.5

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Grass species: Vetiver/Berunbuta

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 8.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 6.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 0.00%

Structural measure: Contour V ditch
Vertical interval between structures (m): 2
Spacing between structures (m): 1
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): average
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 2
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1.5
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.3
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): Bottom=0.8 Top=0.2
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.5

Construction material (earth): Soil excavated from the ditches are used to construct banks/bunds

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 8%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 6%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Rupee

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

50.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Local grass barrier	植物性的	On the onset of monsoon
2.	Cashew plantation	植物性的	During rainy season
3.	Survey & layout	结构性的	Before onset of monsoon.
4.	Digging of pit & construction of earthen bund	结构性的	Premonsoon.
5.	Stone pitching on upstream slope of pit	结构性的	Premonsoon.
6.	grass turffing	结构性的	monsoon

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	35.0	35.0
施工材料	Stone	ha	1.0	5.0	5.0
技术建立所需总成本					40.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Mini tillage	农业学的	khariff / annual
2.	Cover cropping	农业学的	khariff / annual
3.	Weeding	植物性的	After rooting /Six months
4.	Soil work	植物性的	After rooting /Six months
5.	Manuring	植物性的	During rainy season /Twice in a year.
6.	Fire Control measures	植物性的	During winter season /annual
7.	Turfing of bund with grass	结构性的	during rain/annual
8.	De-silting of pits	结构性的	before onset of monsoon/annual
9.	Maintaining upstream & down stream arrrangement	结构性的	before onset of monsoon/annual
10.	Re-arrangement of displaced stone	结构性的	before onset of monsoon/annual

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

Length and cross section of the strucutre, stone availability.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour availability, Availability of grass/stone , Transportation facility.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Landforms: Also mountain slopes and ridges

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: Medium
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium
Soil water storage capacity: Medium (ranked 1) and high (ranked 2)

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 1% - 2%
10% of the land users are average wealthy and own 50% of the land.
20% of the land users are poor and own 30% of the land.
70% of the land users are poor and own 20% of the land.
Level of mechanization: Manual work (100% of the activities are performed manuall)
Market orientation: Subsistence (All crops are for self consumption presently)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 租赁
• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

34

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

15% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

32 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: survey results

5% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

2 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Low cost Simple technology User friendly Affordable How can they be sustained / enhanced? Guidance on cropping practices

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Based on traditional practices Low Cost Farmers can maintain Coserve insitu soil moisture Conserve the most vluable top soil How can they be sustained / enhanced? Involve people in planning Involve farmers while executing Place suitable disposal system in right places Regular maintenance Establishment of vegetative measures Adoption of proper cropping practices by the farmers

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Apprehend getting benefits which will suffice their livelihoods	Off farm activities tomake them financially sound.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Conflicts in future among farmers	Exposure on group dynamics and management of common property
Mobilisation of DWF and developemnt of corpus fund	Community organisation to generate corpus fund