1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development of Kenya (MoA) - 肯尼亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

05/05/1999

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

A ditch across the slope for trapping /retaining runoff to encourage infiltration

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Constructed at zero gradient with closed ends, wide and deep to hold all expected runoff. The purpose is prevent the concentrated runoff from reaching the cultivated land. It is manually constructed and maintenance is seasonal.It is used where soils are deep , stable and well drained. These structures are unsuitable in areas susceptible to land slides . They are also not very suitable in areas with very deep soils that are not stable.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Introduced by Ministry of agriculture extension staff through the elapesd national soil and water conservation programme.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Soil erosion and loss of soil fertility

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Soil erosion, high cost of farm inputs, poor infrastructure .

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: maize, potatoes and beans planted at the beginning of the rainy season.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 120 Longest growing period from month to month: Mar - Jul Second longest growing period in days: 90Second longest growing period from month to month: Oct - Dec

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 引水和排水

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 1-10 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 2.5 m2.

The area is agroecological zone UM3 and occupied by about 320 farmers

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Ha: aridification

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, increase of infiltration, water harvesting / increase water supply

Construction material (earth): placed on the lower side of the ditch

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Kenya shilling

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

78.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	excavation	结构性的	dry spell
2.	planting of grass on the embarkment	结构性的	on set of rains
3.	None		None
4.	None		None

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	desilting channel	结构性的	dry spell/twice per year
2.	gapping the napier grass	结构性的	wet season/twice per year

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

length of 1 m structure (retention ditch).

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

labour availability, depth/width of ditch. The cost of labour

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Slopes on average: Also moderate

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is low - medium

Soil drainage / infiltration is medium - good

Soil water storage capacity is medium - high

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2

Annual population growth: < 0.5%

2% of the land users are rich and own 5% of the land.
80% of the land users are average wealthy and own 70% of the land.
18% of the land users are poor and own 25% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: employment in urban centres. The income is used to suppliment the cost of establishment and maintenance of the SWC structure.

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

387 households in an area of 2.5 sq km

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: more people are adopting the technology

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Murang'a district dev Plan. 2002.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

RPD, Ministry of Finance.

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

SWC manual for Kenya. 1997.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

MoA/SWCB Nairobi

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

farm management handbook. 1983.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

MoA/FMD Nairobi