1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development Tajikistan (ACTED Tajikistan) - 塔吉克斯坦

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

04/05/2011

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Reforestation of the Tugai floodplain ecosystem with reed stands, poplars, djigda, and tamarisk thickets to strengthen the river bank area along the Pyanj river.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Reforestation works are being carried out in an area of 18.2 km2 in four demarcated zones each measuring 4.55 km2. ACTED and CAREC have entered into labour agreements with household representatives of villages near the riparian area to carry out the plantation of seedlings and bushes. 520 household representatives will plant a variety of 150,000 seedlings and bushes in the floodplain area (prone to flooding).

Reforestation works will help to reinforce the river bank area and protect it against potentially large scale floods. It will also diminish the effect of river bank erosion caused by flood waters. The activity will also protect the natural ecosystem in the target area and provide greater security for both the animal and human habitat. As a secondary purpose the reforestation works will also encourage local communities to be more aware of, and to hopefully motivate them to address some of the serious environmental and socio-economical problems affecting them.

The area was preselected by an expert as an area that was a degraded Tugai floodplain forest ecosystem. The area was assessed to ensure it still maintained a Tugai ecosystem. The extensive area was broken into smaller manageable parts of 3.5 h.a., these areas were then allocated to Jamoats who then further reassigned the responsibility to households. The next step is the development of a planting plan and schedule that includes fruit trees, timber and thickets.

The seedlings are obtained from the National Park area in collaboration with the state forestry department. The households are taught basic planting techniques, and supervised during the planting from November to March. A maintenance plan was established to ensure the upkeep of the ecosystem including watering, composting, and pruning.

The issue was that the Pyanj river was encroaching towards villages and cultivated lands that are essential to the livelihood of the local inhabitants. There is a lack of natural resources and increasing pressure on the available land for subsistence farming.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

In 2008 the Asian Development Bank did their initial appraisal of the Tugai ecosystem.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 保持/提高生物多样性

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): The seasonal flooding has resulted in severe river bank and soil erosion that has caused a reduction in the area of cultivated land, which provides an increasing threat to the village settlements. An increasing population is also adding to pressures on the limited land available, so threatening the livelihoods of local farmer households.
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Local people highlight a lack of income and energy sources that lead them to cut down trees and vegetation for use as fuel and animal feed.
Problems / comments regarding forest use: It is a degraded forest with little economic value.
Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Forests / woodlands: Fp: Plantations, afforestations

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Forests / woodlands: Fn: Natural

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 220, Longest growing period from month to month: March - October

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 天然和半天然森林管理
• 森林种植管理

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 18.2 km2.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: vegetative measures
Secondary measures: structural measures
Type of vegetative measures: scattered / dispersed

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires)
Secondary causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, change of seasonal rainfall, population pressure, poverty / wealth, war and conflicts (Border guards exploited/cleared the area during their patrols)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Shows the different parts of the reforestation zones in the target area for the rehabilitation of the Tugai floodplain ecosystem.
Location: MSA Hamadoni. Khatlon
Date: 21 May 2011

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high
Technical knowledge required for land users: low (Once they are trained, the actual activities are just basic planting and care of the vegetation.)

Main technical functions: improvement of ground cover, stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), increase of groundwater level / recharge of groundwater
Secondary technical functions: increase / maintain water stored in soil, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting, reduction in wind speed, promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, eg palatable fodder), improved wild animal habitats

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 80
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 12
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 10
Trees/ shrubs species: reed stands, poplars, djigda, tamarisk thickets

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Tajik Somoni

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

4.5

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Planting of tree seedlings	植物性的	autumn

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Planting of tree seedlings	person day	5.0	5.44	27.2
设备	Machine use	machine hours	5.0	20.0	100.0
设备	Tools	pieces	5.0	4.44	22.2	100.0
植物材料	Seedlings	Pieces	80.0	1.10625	88.5
肥料和杀菌剂	Compost/manure	kg	80.0	0.22125	17.7	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					255.6

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 1 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Maintenance of vegetation cover	植物性的	annually

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Maintenance of vegetation cover	person days	18.0	5.5555	100.0	50.0
设备	Tools	Pieces	2.0	5.0	10.0
技术维护所需总成本					110.0

注释:

Machinery/ tools: shovel, knife

The costs are based on an area of 1 h.a. using 2010 prices, split from the entire scheme.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The intial costs of the activities are met by the donor project budget, the labourers are paid directly for their efforts under a `food for work' scheme. The seedlings, transport and tools are provided for planting, and the inhabitants are reimbursed in the longer term by the establishment of tree nurseries and fruit tree orchards.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: Medium
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium
Soil water storage capacity: Medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Availability of surface water: Also medium

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 1% - 2%
80% of the land users are poor.
20% of the land users are poor.
Off-farm income specification: There is significant income from remittances sent back from Russia.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）

注释:

Different parts of the Tugai system are allocated to individual households through the local Jamoat, as there are no formal land user certificates.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	未知

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	未知
局地风暴	未知

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	不好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	未知

注释:

The choice of species are those that are able to grow in very wet/flood conditions.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

The inhabitants will not see any returns in the short term, and will have to maintain the forest for several years before they will reap the benefits in the longer term.

6.5 技术采用

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

520 families and 100% of the area covered

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
520 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
Comments on acceptance with external material support: The entire area selected for the project was reforested.
There is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Land users are happy that their land is protected and that they are being provided with added incentives through food for work and the construction of orchards and nurseries.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The Tugai ecosystem acts as natural mitigation system for large scale flooding in the target area. It does not rely on heavy structural maintenance such as artificial dikes or gabions.
Involves representatives of target communities in the mitigation works. It gives them a sense of ownership towards the activities.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Mitigation is not an instant and obvious return, so the benefits are less obvious.	Land users need to be educated about the environmental and risk mitigation benefits of the project. Practical demonstrations are advisable. Furthermore, as there is no instant benefit it is also advisable to offer land users incentives (e.g. food for work and construction of household orchards and nurseries).
Maintenance of the reforested area requires labour post-reforestation phase (e.g. watering).	The use of incentives is advisable to increase motivation to participate.

7.1 信息的方法/来源