1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

15/11/2012

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Riverbank erosion and biodiversity decline in the riparian area can be overcome by leaving the natural vegetation undisturbed.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The studied land plot is situated in the semi-arid savannah zone of the Naro Moru sub-catchment at the foot of Mt. Kenya. A small-scale farmer leaves the riparian vegetation undisturbed, which enables the growth of dense bushes. On the one hand, the riparian vegetation contributes to prevent land loss caused by riverbank erosion, on the other hand it is a habitat for the special riparian fauna and flora.

Purpose of the Technology: Despite semi-arid conditions, there is a high probability of flooding. Heavy rainfalls on upper slopes of Mt. Kenya lead to flood events in the semi-arid areas of Naro Moru River. These events have a destructive effect on the riverbanks, which have become instable by human induced activities such as overgrazing and deforestation. The instable riparian soils are eroded easily. The farmers lose their precious land and the water is polluted.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: A good way to overcome the riverbank degradation triggered by high runoff is a passive approach: simply leaving the riparian area undisturbed by human interference. Trees, bushes and grasses stabilize even steep riverbanks with their invading roots. As a result, almost no erosion takes place and infiltration is enhanced during rain events. The riparian microclimate, which is characterized by cooler temperatures during the day and slightly warmer temperatures during the night, is very special compared to the surrounding semi-arid zones. Also water availability is much higher than in the surroundings. Thus, this habitat offers a high biodiversity.

Natural / human environment: The plot is situated on a plateau at the western side of Mt. Kenya. There is not the same amount of precipitation as at the foot slopes of Mt. Kenya. However, the area still benefits from the runoff that is generated on the mountain. Precipitation in the so-called savannah zone ranges from 600mm to 900mm per year. Due to the high evaporation, rain-fed agriculture is only partly possible. Therefore most land users depend on irrigation using river water.
During the last decades, the region has experienced a still continuing population growth which increases population pressure in the area and removal and use of the vegetation along the rivers. The good accessibility and the moderate tourism allow even off-farm income-generation.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

注释（项目类型等）:

The farmer has not touched the land since 20 years.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 保持/提高生物多样性

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): In not treated areas, land users have to fight serious riverbank erosion. Due to steep riverbanks, stabilisation is very tricky.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Deforested riverbanks are very difficult to control, land loss is a consequence.

Other type of forest: Protected riparian forest

Problems / comments regarding forest use: The forest is left as protected forest because it stabilizes the riverbank.

Forest products and services: nature conservation / protection, protection against natural hazards

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 60 Longest growing period from month to month: april to may Second longest growing period in days: 60 Second longest growing period from month to month: october to november

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 区域封闭（停止使用，支持恢复）

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

注释:

The riparian area is very small, thus the whole plot of the farmer is indicated.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: management measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wr: riverbank erosion, Hp: decline of surface water quality

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Bc: reduction of vegetation cover, Bh: loss of habitats, Bq: quantity / biomass decline, Hg: change in groundwater / aquifer level, Hw: reduction of the buffering capacity of wetland areas

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, overgrazing, floods

Secondary causes of degradation: Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts), population pressure, poverty / wealth

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

The land user noticed the riverbank erosion problems neighbours had after clearing of the riparian vegetation. This led to the protective approach of natural trees and bushes. Adjacent to the riparian area, crops are cultivated.

Location: Naro Moru. Nyeri / Central Province

Date: 28.12.2013

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: low

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), increase of infiltration, improvement of water quality, buffering / filtering water, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting

Secondary technical functions: improvement of ground cover, increase of surface roughness, increase / maintain water stored in soil, increase of groundwater level / recharge of groundwater

Control / change of species composition: In the protected area only indigenous tress, bushes and grasses should be present. Especially indigenous trees do not need much water and allow more water to infiltrate into the soil.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Kenyan Shilling

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

90.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	No activities were needed	植物性的

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Control of species composition and destruction of invading plants	管理	during rainy season

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Control of species composition and destruction of invading plants	Persons/day	2.0	3.0	6.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					6.0

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 1800 m a.s.l.

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is medium

Soil drainage / infiltration is poor - medium

Soil water storage capacity is low but with mulching it changes to medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Ground water table: Just along the river, deeper ground water level 50-100m

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2

Off-farm income specification: The farmer has no off-farm income.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 社区（有组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

There are no establishment costs, that is why the short-term returns ares neutral. After some years, the benefits develop as long-term returns

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 10-50%

注释:

20% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: There are some farmers who are very convinced. The number of farmers adopting the technology is growing slowly.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
There are no problems with riverbank erosion. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Keep the vegetation cover and do not perform too many activities in the riparian zone.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The technology creates a habitat for the very specific riparian fauna and flora and this boosts biodiversity. How can they be sustained / enhanced? By enlarging the riparian zone.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
There is no productive use of this technology, therefore it is difficult to convince other farmers to adopt this technology.	Slight use of the riparian brings already good returns of fodder and fuelwood and still allows good protection.