1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Centre for Agri-Environmental Research (CAER) - 英国

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

University of Reading (University of Reading) - 英国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

03/05/2016

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Acidification treatments were applied to improved pastures in an attempt to restore plots to a semi-natural state

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Change in landuse from improved agricultural land to low input grazing land. Acidification treatments were applied to plots on the Isle of Purbeck that had previously been used for arable production and then high intensity grazing. The site is located on acidic fluvially-deposited soil and was in lowland heath until the middle of the 20th century at which time the land was tilled and treatments of rock phosphate, marl and chalk were added to increase soil pH and nutrient availability and improve the potential of the land for agricultural production.

Purpose of the Technology: The purpose of this technology was to convert the area from intensive pastureland to a semi-natural state with low intensity grazing through alteration of the soil pH. This change in land-use should have a positive effect on both above- and belowground biodiversity.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Plots were established on two adjacent farms owned by National Trust near Wareham, Dorset (Newlines Farm and Hartland Farm). A control and two sulphur amendments were compared on plots on ten fields (five from each farm) on 50 m x 50 m plots. Elemental sulphur (Brimestone 90TM) or ferrous sulphate (Mistrale “Wet Copperas” 50TM) were applied at equal rates of 2000 kg ha-1 in May 2000 and a second application of 1600 kg ha-1 in March 2001.

Natural / human environment: The Isle of Purbeck is a multifunctional landscape with competing land uses including arable farming, livestock grazing, and recreational activities. Soil resources in the region have been under pressure from persistent physical and chemical manipulation, with consequences for soil biodiversity and function.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Changing land use needs in a diverse landscape

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Changing land use demands, soil compaction on arable land, soil sealing, intensive agriculture, acidification of chalk hills by gorse

Semi-nomadism / pastoralism: Cattle

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Grazing land: Ge: Extensive grazing land

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Grazing land: Gi: Intensive grazing/ fodder production

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Water supply: post-flooding

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• Soil pH management

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.6 m2.

This was a field experiment so treatments were only applied to a portion of this area.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: management measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Bh: loss of habitats, Bs: quality and species composition /diversity decline, Bl: loss of soil life

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Ca: acidification

Main causes of degradation: soil management (Soil pH was previously increased for agricultural production. Land may be restored to a semi-natural production system by lowering soil pH.)

Secondary causes of degradation: crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub) (Intensively managed arable crops, low input pasture land)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Secondary goals: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Schematic representation of plot layout across Newline and Hartland Farm as control, ferrous suphate and elemental sulphur treatments.

Location: Near Warehame. Dorset, Ilse of Purbeck

Date: 21-3-2016

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: Soil biological functions

Secondary technical functions: increase of surface roughness, increase in organic matter, increase of infiltration, promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, eg palatable fodder)

Change of land use type: Intensive grazing (Gi) to extensive grazing (Ge)

Control / change of species composition: More diverse species mix

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Fertilizer additions	管理	x2

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Monitoring	管理	Variable

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

Machinery/ tools: Fertilizer spreader

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The experiment was established in 1998 and costs are not available

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 0-100 m a.s.l. (10 m a.s.l)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is medium
Soil drainage/infiltration is good
Soil water storage capacity is low

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

• National Trust

注释:

Own the land where the technology has been applied.

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	未知

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	不好
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	不好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	不好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	未知

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Decreased spending on inputs where the only input in the system in dung from cattle grazing How can they be sustained / enhanced? Continue grazing at a low enough density to allow adequate plant regrow
Decreased labour required for management
Decreased compaction since regular use of tractors on site is no longer required How can they be sustained / enhanced? Attempt to minimizing compaction by grazing livestock

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The conversion in land use from a improved agriculture to a semi- natural low input grazing system should have a positive effect on above- and belowground biodiversity.
Considering that the Isle of Purbeck was historically a region of cultural importance, returning the system to a more natural state has important implications for the cultural and recreational value of the land.
Low input systems can increase resilience of the system to global change

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Decrease in economic returns	Application of lower rates of amendment at an increased frequency may be more manageable.
The sulphurous amendments may be difficult to apply evenly with a fertiliser spreader at such high rates.	Application of lower rates of amendment at an increased frequency may be more manageable.
May not be practical to apply such high rates of amendments on a landscape scale.	Grazing, mowing, and chemical herbicides are some options for slowing invasions.
Shrub encroachment (i.e. gorse; Alex europaeus) can be a problem when converting to low input pasture land in this region.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Over time nutrients are being drawn down but exporting meat off the land with no inputs	Periodic applications of nutrients may be required to ensure long-term fertility of the system
Land use change and restoration are slow process and may result in economic losses on managed lands