1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Danao Municipality - 菲律宾

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Bureau of Soils and Water Management (Bureau of Soils and Water Management) - 菲律宾

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Forest Management Bureau (Forest Management Bureau) - 菲律宾

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

11/06/2015

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

An indigenous technology of enhancing wildling growth by pressing of cogon grass.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Cogon pressing is a simple low-cost technique of deterring the rapid growth of grasses that serve as competitors of wildlings for nutrient, water and light in the natural forest. The technology is described as the pressing down of cogon grass using a wooden plank tied in a rope, manually-operated by foot of the land user. Instead of cutting or burning the cogon, this technology is being used by the land user it was proven to be more effective in controlling cogon grass to grow fast. Wildlings are seedlings derived from seeds scattered by birds, insects, animals and wind without human intervention. By pressing the cogon, the wildlings can grow faster in the natural forest.

Purpose of the Technology: Cogon grass is a weed which grows quickly. It is difficult to control due to its small seeds carried by wind and rhizomes that are very resilient even to low soil fertility and harsh environment. In regenerating wildlings in the natural forest, these invasive weeds are the main competitor for nutrients water and space. The land user's common practice is to cut or burn the cogon grass in order to plant trees. However, this cannot be done in a natural forest because it destroys the flora and fauna. Thus, the indigenous technology of pressing the cogon grass was adapted to nurture wildlings of indigenous tree species. It allows the wildlings to grow naturally by reducing the competition from weedy species. It also provides an alternative technique of controlling weeds/grasses without burning. Burning grasses release greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Prior to the pressing of cogon grass, the selection of wildlings for natural regeneration is done by marking it with a peg. The wildling must be a robust/healthy indigenous tree species. Ring weeding is done at least one half meter radius around the wildling. Then, the surrounding cogon grass are suppressed through a method called “ pressing” or “lodging” using a wooden plank approximately 1” x 6-12” x 3-4’. A rope is knotted on both ends of the plank and looped over the shoulder of the land user for support and ease the pressing operation. The length of the rope is adjusted according to the height of the land user. The land user holds the rope on both side to lift the plank, and then, stepping on it to press the cogon grass repeatedly. The activity is done before and after the onset of rainy season. It is best to practice the technology when the stems of the cogon grass are still soft. The pressed cogon will last up to six months before it will produce new shoot and regenerate again.

Natural / human environment: The area is part of the forest reserve in Danao, Bohol primarily intended for nature conservation and protection. It is about 100-500 m.a.s.l with moderately rolling to hilly slopes. It is under humid tropics climate with an average annual rainfall of 1500-2000 mm per year. The soil is loam, shallow depth, low fertility, with good drainage and medium water storage capacity. The area has high biodiversity as indicated by the presence of different indigenous trees and plants species, and wild birds. The land users who apply the technology are small holder farmers. They are members of a local cooperative. The population density is about 10-50 persons per sq. km. Since extraction of resources from the forest is prohibited, off-farm income is very important to the land users. Access to basic services and infrastructures are low.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

注释（项目类型等）:

The technology was introduced through the Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) Project.

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Competition with speedy species and recurring disturbances such as fire

Other type of forest: Deforested land

Forest products and services: nature conservation / protection, protection against natural hazards

Other forest products and services: increase biodiversity

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 天然和半天然森林管理

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 0.1-1 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.2 m2.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: vegetative measures

Specification of other vegetative measures: Suppressing of cogon grasses

Type of vegetative measures: scattered / dispersed

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Bh: loss of habitats

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Bf: detrimental effects of fires

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), other human induced causes (specify) (fire)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

注释:

Main goals: prevention of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Pressing grass with the use of wooden board

Location: Brgy. San Miguel. Danao, Bohol

Date: June 10, 2015

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate (Hands-on training for land users, they should learn the craft of pressing)

Main technical functions: control of fires

Secondary technical functions: stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides)

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs

Trees/ shrubs species: dipterocarps and indigenous species, naturally regenarated

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

peso

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

45.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Identification of wildlings (2 feet high)	植物性的
2.	ring weeding	植物性的
3.	pressing of cogon away from wildlings	植物性的	3 times/year
4.	Application of fertilizer	植物性的

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	24.44	24.44	100.0
施工材料	Wood	ha	1.0	2.22	2.22	100.0
施工材料	Rope	ha	1.0	1.78	1.78	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					28.44

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 3 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Pressing of Cogon	植物性的	every other month

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	26.68	26.68	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					26.68

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 101-500 m a.s.l. (220m)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is: Medium
Soil water storage capacity is: Medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 1% - 2%; 1%
Off-farm income specification: Since extraction of resources from the forest is prohibited, off- farm income is very important to the land users.
Market orientation of production system: Forest conservation. Green braks are planted with cash crops as immediate source of food for subistence.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	不好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	未知
局地风暴	未知

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	未知

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	未知

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	未知

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) provided financial and technical support for the implementation of the technology. The Local Government Unit (LGU) of Bohol provided additional labor force for the maintenance.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Low cost technology How can they be sustained / enhanced? Re-use and proper safe keeping of material.
Limits height of fire How can they be sustained / enhanced? Frequent regular conduct of "pressing" activity

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Labor may cause some injury to workers	Extra care in conducting pressing activity particularly in steep areas
Increased dry matter susceptible to forest fire	Maintenance of fire lines

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Labor intensive	Thorough "pressing" of cogon grass to deter growth