1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

08/11/2016

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

This technology serves many purposes but particularly tackles problem of land degradation due to soil fertility decline, waterlogging and soil surface crust

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Managing calcareous soils through combined structural measures and chemical amendments methods for improving soil productivity and reduce land degradation

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technology is applied to facilitate drainage in calcareous soils (high calcium carbonate soils) that in addition suffer water logging. The technology is tested in research plots and then demonstrated on farmers field. The research and piloting is carried out by the Soil and Water Research Institute of Egypt. The technology is applied in agricultural fields where variety of cereal crops and vegetables and livestock feed is grown. These fields have been continuously farmed (soil nutrients mining) and have been exposed to varying land uses. The technology area is dominantly owned by smallholder farmers, who are forced to use the land for growing crops for their livelihoods (consumption and market). the fields could be under cultivation for two or more cropping annually and are exposed for varying degradation risks.

farm fields that are degraded by water logging and high calcium carbonate content (increase in the pH) are treated first in constructing surface drains that are laid out at sloping gradients towards the outlet, so that excess water is safely drained from the field. Ammonia gas 82% is ingested in the soil after seedbed preparation to lower the pH content of the soils. Excess water after irrigation is drained by the drains placed in the field at intervals.

The soils that degrade from water logging and high pH are treated by the combination of measures that are part of the technology. Water is drained by the drains and alkalinity treated by soil amendments in injecting ammonia.

Benefits of the Technology are reduced soil degradation, improved soil quality and health, and productivity increase (crop and fodder).

Land users liked the technology as it helped them increase crop and fodder production. water logged crop fields are safely drained becuse of the drains that remove excess water from the field to safe outlets

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 在实验/研究期间

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

In the area, land management is the most indispensable investment, without which livestock and crop productions becomes virtually impossible.

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Land use could change in such a way that some years the land is used for cropping and on the other used to grow fodder for animals (cultivated - pasture- cultivation)

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 充分灌溉

注释:

2-3 crops could be irrigated in a year depending on the type of crop

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Minimum 2 or 3 in most cases

牲畜密度（如相关）:

Livestock are mostly stallfed and sometimes let to seasonal grazing after harvest

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农畜综合管理
• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）
• 引水和排水

• sustainable soils management

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

注释:

Research and farmers fields demonstration

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Soil conditioners such as ammonia hydroxide for reducing the pH of soils.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化
• 适应土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

The dimensions of the drains vary from (0.5 m - 1.5 m wide) depending on the spacing of the drains. In the case of narrow spacing's of the drains the width is smaller and when the spacing is larger then the width of the drains gets larger as well (7 - 20m). The depth of the drains is normal bigger near the outlets it could range from 0.3 m at the beginning and could be as deep as 1 meters near the outlet

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

18.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	land preparation / seed bed preparation	结构性的	October -November
2.	constructing drainage ditches	结构性的	November
3.	injecting soil conditioners	管理	November
4.	stabilizing drainage banks	植物性的	November
5.	planting	植物性的	Nov - Dec
6.	weeding and cultivation	农业学的	Dec-Jan
7.	harvest	管理	April

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	land tilling	结构性的	2-3 times a year
2.	cultivation and weeding	管理	2 times
3.	repair in channel and ditch breaches	结构性的	ones a year
4.	removing silt from main drains	结构性的	ones in a year or ones in 2 years

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

是

具体说明:

Due to sea water entrusion along the mediterranian coast and in areas where there is no adequate irrigation water

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users could be of both gender. It could be used by all age groups but more dominant users are the middle aged as they have the labor that is needed to do all kinds of farm operation or the land could be contracted out to companies or cooperatives.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 公司
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 10-50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 劳动力可用性（例如，由于迁移）

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会

The technology has the advantages primarily of reclaiming water logged farm fields to more crop friendly environment. It is not very costly because the drains could be easily made by farm implements the land users have or could be easily rented from cooperatives or companies that provide the service. The amendments used are also within the reach of land users to purchase them and are available in the near vicinities

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Require frequent maintenances. Take away substantial segment of the farm out of cropping interfere in farm operations (pose difficulties for farm machineries and tools to be easily maneuvered as they restrict free turning of machinery and the tractors pulling them.

7.1 信息的方法/来源