1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Watershed Office DRDA - 印度

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

20/09/2006

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

It can be defined as combination of structural & agronomic measures where along with other technology like Water harvesting structures & field bunding on the upper reaches & a dug out well is constructed in the periphery of the drainage line which is a govt land. The 15 acres of land near to its sphere of influence which reamained fallow earlier could yield good production system throughout the year.It is in the semi-arid climatic zone with moderate slope in medium soil depth conditions. The whole idea is to avail water & link with self-subsistance & market oriented production systems from private lands.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The area is located at the foot-slopes on the major drainage line of the watershed. The technology area is located near the main drainage line, therefore, the sub-surface water availability is more & can be utilised for cultivation of crop even in dry spell of the year. Earlier the farmers near to this place tried to dig a small well & could irrigate for only 2-3 months of the year to get some subsistence crops. Therefore, water availability throughout the year is a first priority of the farmers. At the outset, a livelihood focused micro-plan had been prepared by the villagers stating the details of the base-line data along with problems & alternative solutions. The patch was identified to be the worst affected & the owners of the land are poor people (defined by villagers). Usually the land users used to migrate in search of labour due to loss in the agriculture. It is because the water availability is not there at the time of requirement. The people of this patch are ready to contribute at least 10% of the cost as the structure is to be constructed in government land. In the mean time the project sent the PIA to Water technology centre for eastern region, Bhubneswar to study the linking of water harvesting structure & dug-out well & its relevance in this context of our situation. The technology was done in the village Chareimara which is one out of 3 villages of one watershed, located at the lower reach of the watershed. In the meantime many water harvesting structures & field bunds were constructed due to which the water could be stored in the recharge zone. This area is again a mix of stony patches in the crop land. One water harvesting structure was constructed just at the upper reaches. The surrounding area was totally unbunded with clay loam soil. Therefore, land users are of opinion to go for a deeper dug well which can feed water through out to at least 15 acre of land. The requirement of land users was to get some water in each farmers land to protect the Kharif & rabi crop including summer vegetables. A four-day in field training was conducted by the project to community link workers (SWC), particularly on patch treatment, use of levelling instruments like A-frame, proper planning, design, lay-out of different type of structure in a map & ground. At the same time there was a blind belief that large water harvesting structures are more useful to farmers. So the land users demanded for a large WHS on the drainage bed which requires huge investment & high maintenance cost. But when some farmers of that watershed could get good result by digging well these land users also started thinking about a "community dug-well". After many rounds of discussion with the land users by the SWC specialist followed by a detail transact along with land users, the results of first round transact was mentioned in the micro-plan. But the aim behind subsequent transact was to looking at problems & demarcating on the map. After that estimate was prepared & lay-out of the well was done by SWC specialist with the help of community link workers & land users. The lay-out is also little bit different from traditional well i.e. square shaped in stead of round shape. The work was implemented by the land users & 7 outside labourers with the supervision of the User's group leader & monitoring was done by the SWC specialist. The priority by the land users was agronomic measures like changing the crop in the land. Training was conducted on the probable alternatives of agronomic measures like taking of crop which is of little longer duration, intercrops & cash crops etc. The structural measures are subsidised by the project & the agronomic measures was taken up on loan basis. The development fund was also generated out of contribution from the land users which was deposited in a separate account for future maintenance cost.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

A group of SWC proffessionals were sent to WTCER, Bhubaneswar to study the replication of ' Linking of water harvesting structure with dug-out wells. . When SWC specialist share their experience to land users, some of the farmers agreed to have a experimentation of the technology. Therefore, modification has been done by the SWC specialists as per the suitability & requirement of the land users.

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): This patch of the land used to remian fallow in comparison to other lands of the village, with high concentration of marginal farmer. Due to less water availability at the time of need of crop the farmers were quite hesitant to take up diversified crop. They used to migrated instead of taking up any agriculure due to loss year afte year. The main requirement of water throught out the year.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): 1. Run-off was severe at the time of rainy season but difficult to capture water for other period of the year.2. Long duration crops is not possible, ex- paddy,pulses, sugarcane, vegetables etc. 3. Although land is there but it remained fallow in the past due to water availability. They were the migrants because of onstraint in agriculture.

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: Paddy/Kharif rainfed vegetables, Winter vegetables & spices, summer vegetables.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

其它（比如洪水后）:

• all of them

注释:

Water supply: rainfed, mixed rainfed - irrigated

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 120Longest growing period from month to month: Jun - OctSecond longest growing period in days: 80Second longest growing period from month to month: Oct - Feb

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 0.1-1 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.6 m2.

The concerned watershed is a subsidiary system of the Suktel river drainage sytem. The area of operation is micro watershed , i.e. 500 hac as a unit of the tributary of the Suktel river

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Type of agronomic measures: better crop cover, early planting, mixed cropping / intercropping, manure / compost / residues, mineral (inorganic) fertilizers, rotations / fallows, breaking compacted topsoil, deep tillage / double digging

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

reclamation of denuded land

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Dug Well in Chareimara

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: low

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, water harvesting / increase water supply

Secondary technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard, water spreading

Better crop cover
Material/ species: paddy, vegetables,
Quantity/ density: Average
Remarks: Paddy for subsistence & vegetables in the land with rainfed & market demand.

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: Gourd, Brinjal, onion, sugarcane,water melon
Quantity/ density: ealy harve
Remarks: After the Kharif crop

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: 4 -5 cartloads of cow-dung

Mineral (inorganic) fertilizers
Material/ species: Minimum basal doses

Rotations / fallows
Material/ species: the cultivation of crop started after the availability of water.
Remarks: Rainfed paddy with vegetables

Breaking compacted topsoil
Remarks: As the land was fallow earlier, breaking of compact soil is necessary.

Deep tillage / double digging
Remarks: The land where vegetables was grown, deep tillage was required

Structural measure: diversion ditch / cut-off drain
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 26ft
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 35ft
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 33ft

Construction material (stone): Stone excavetd from the well was put as protection embankment

Construction material (concrete): A concrete guard wall will be put on the periphery of well which will be started in the current year

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:150

Change of land use type: After paddy & kharif vegetables,rabi & summer vegetables .Th e bunds of the patch need to be covered with plants

Change of land use practices / intensity level: Inter crops, mixed crops have to be practiced to get optimum benefit.

Layout change according to natural and human environment: Grazing was restricted in these areas & land was optimally used, like bund cultivation.

Major change in timing of activities: Early varieties of vegetables will fetch at least double benefit.

Control / change of species composition: The improved varities seed need to be introduced

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Rupee

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

50.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Survey	结构性的	April-May
2.	Demarkation on map	结构性的	April-May
3.	Estimate & lay-Out	结构性的	April-May
4.	Implementation of work	结构性的	May-July
5.	Survey & demarkation of water line	管理	April
6.	Digging of well	管理	May-July
7.	Water-way	管理	August

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Medium	hectare	1.0	1250.0	1250.0
技术建立所需总成本					1250.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 24 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Ploughing	农业学的	April-May /
2.	Intercultural operation with manure & compost application	农业学的	June /
3.	Sowing of paddy & rainfed vegetables	农业学的	July & sep for two crops /
4.	weeding & intercultural operation, if required.	农业学的	July /
5.	Harvesting of paddy orvegetables or sugarcane.	农业学的	Nov /
6.	Winter early variety vegetables like onion, brinjal, leafy vegetables, gourds etc.	农业学的	Dec /
7.	Harvesting of winter spices & vegetables	农业学的	Feb-March /
8.	Sowing of summer vegetables like water melon etc	农业学的	March /
9.	Intercultural operation	农业学的	April /
10.	Harvesting of vegetables	农业学的	May /
11.	Management of surplus water	结构性的	Rainy Season/annual
12.	Collapsing of bund	结构性的	annual
13.	Well must be desilted	结构性的	Dry season/each cropping season
14.	Control of surplus water-flow	管理	August-Sep / annual
15.	Stabilisation of bund at weak points	管理	Nov-Dec / annual
16.	Desiltation of well	管理	April-may / annual

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Stones are to be excavated from such a height of 26 ft.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

1% of the land users are poor (2-3 acres of land).

Off-farm income specification: Others have also activities like NTFP collection, keeping small ruminants like goats, chicks etc.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

10 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: survey results

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Water availilbilty
A vibrant community institution could be strngthed.
A well is much better than a large water harvesting structure, it became a eye opener in the surrounding villages.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Water availability in the dry spell How can they be sustained / enhanced? Integrated & threes season land use practice
The water availability will be there through out the year.Therefore, 15 acres of land can be irrigated & three seasonal crop can be taken up.