1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

NCCR North-South (NCCR North-South) - 吉尔吉斯斯坦

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

15/07/2005

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Forward sloping terraces stabilised with aligned poplar trees and adjacent grass strips

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

On steep and severely eroded cropland a forward sloping terrace (15% gradient) was established by moving available earth with a bulldozer. Below the terraced field, a cut-off drain diverts excessive rain and irrigation water to an existing gully. The terrace and the cut off drain are stabilised by an aligned tree barrier (poplar trees planted in 0.5 metre intervals), and by two parallel grass strips of 1-2 metres in width.
The terrace was built using a bulldozer. Digging the cut-off drain and planting the poplar cuttings was done by hand. For the initial establishment of the grass strip clods were transferred from a neighbouring pasture. The poplar trees are pruned in early spring; the cut off-drain needs to be cleared of washed in soil after heavy storm events. The described terrace is established on steep cropland prone to soil erosion. The technology is relatively simple to implement.

Purpose of the Technology: The terrace was established to reduce soil erosion and subsequent fertility decline through the reduction of the slope angle. The tree barrier is planted because of the usefulness of poplar trees for construction purposes and to mark field boundaries; its capability of acting as a stabilising terrace is a very useful extra side effect.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Establishment costs and the rather low maintenance costs are offset by the benefits of the harvested wood produced. Poplar trees can be gradually felled and used for construction purposes 15 years after they are initially planted. Through reduction of the slope angle, the risk of soil erosion is lowered significantly. However, poplar trees can only be planted on land where sufficient water for irrigation is available, since they need to be watered on a weekly basis during the summer. Furthermore, the technology covers land which then cannot be used for cultivation of food crops.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 在实验/研究期间

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): severe water erosion (rills and gullies) and subsequent fertility decline on cropland and overgrazed pastures

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): soil erosion and fertility decline

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: If land is irrigated, then after the wheat harvest there can be immediate cultivation of vegetables

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 210Longest growing period from month to month: March to August

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学
• 横坡措施

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 0.1-1 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.5 m2.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

Secondary measures: vegetative measures

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -contour, aligned: -along boundary

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

注释:

Main goals: prevention of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Forward sloping terrace stabilised with aligned trees and adjacent grass strips, a cut-off drain diverts irigation water at the downslope field boundary

Location: Karsang. Faizabad Rayon

Date: 15.07.2005

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length

Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: drain / divert, improvement of ground cover, increase / maintain water stored in soil, reduction in wind speed

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 200
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5

Aligned: -along boundary
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 200

Vegetative measure: aligned: contour
Vegetative material: G : grass
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 3

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Trees/ shrubs species: poplar trees

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 15.00%

Structural measure: cut-off drain
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.1
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.2
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): fielding

Construction material (earth): earth moved to form terrace

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 15%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 2%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	digging of pits for tree planting	植物性的	spring
2.	planting of poplar cuttings	植物性的	spring
3.	transplanting of grass clods	植物性的	spring
4.	construction of terrace	结构性的	autumn
5.	digging of cut-off drain	结构性的	autumn

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Building terrace	ha	1.0	80.0	80.0	100.0
劳动力	Planting trees	ha	1.0	75.0	75.0	100.0
设备	tools	ha	1.0	10.0	10.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					165.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 1 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	pruning of trees	植物性的	eraly spring /annual
2.	cutting of grass (grass strips)	植物性的	summer /annual
3.	irrigarion/watering of trees	植物性的	summer /weekly
4.	clearing cut-off drain from washed in soil	结构性的	rainy season/after every rainfall event

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Prunning	ha	1.0	12.0	12.0	100.0
劳动力	Cutting	ha	1.0	3.0	3.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					15.0

注释:

costs per 100x100m plot, costs increase if longer field boundary is on contour

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: Also 501-1,000 m a.s.l.

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: low - high

Soil drainage / infiltration: medium - good

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

5% of the land users are rich and own 15% of the land.
75% of the land users are average wealthy and own 70% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: In general, all farmers (including those applying SWC technologies) are highly dependent on off-farm income which in most cases is earned in Russia either by themselves or by their relatives.

Level of mechanization: whenever possible farmer rent tractors for tillage activities. All levels of mechanization are pre-existing.

Market orientation of production system subsistence (self-supply): only surpluses are sold

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 租赁

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

The terraces were established with the help of bulldozers which is costly, therefore short-term benefits are slightly negative.

6.5 技术采用

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

NA

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
reduces soil erosion
slows fertility decline
15 years after establishment poplar trees can be harvested, their wood is essential for construction and renovation of houses

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
reduces slope angle and, hence, decreases risk of soil erosion
relatively simple to implement
moderate establishment costs, low maintenance costs
meets household needs for wood for construction How can they be sustained / enhanced? trees should be gradually harvested and replaced with new cuttings

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
loss of cropland due to structure, grass strips and trees
cultivation using a tractor is impossible due to the type of terrain impeding access
poplar trees require irrigation

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The poplar trees used to stabilise the structure require irrigation during summer
farm operations hindered