1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Interactive Soil Quality assessment in Europe and China for Agricultural productivity and Environmental Resilience (EU-iSQAPER)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek, Wageningen University & Research Centre (DLO) - 荷兰

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

19/07/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Mineral ferilizers are (partly) replaced by organic fertilizers in order to have a higher organic matter input

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technology is applied in arable/vegetable production systems in de Peel. De Peel is a sandy soil rural region in the southeast of the Netherlands. The technology is not limited by soil type or crop production system. An important requisite is the availability of manure .
The technology is applied on conventional farms. Mineral fertilizers are (partly) replaced by organic fertilizers. The yearly crop fertilization is mainly based on slurry which is in abundance available in the region. The amount of organic fertilizers is restricted by national and regional legislation related to the total input of Nitrogen and Phosphorus. Occasionally additional solid manure and/or compost is put in (autumn). Extra organic matter input by manure is sometimes combined with emphasis on the use of cover crops which gives an additional input of organic matter as well.
Main purposes of the technology are to improve soil quality in general, reduce wind erosion, reduce nitrate leaching, increase soil biodiversity and make the soil more resilient to stress factors like drought or excessive rainfall.
Major activities are reduction of mineral fertilisers and the increase of organic fertilizers. This is accompanied by the additional use of cover crops whenever possible.
The impacts are so far an increase of soil organic matter, an increase of soil biodiversity, higher yields and a higher soil resilience.
Landusers like the technology because of the better soil quality, increase of yields, lower input costs (farmers are paid to use manure, since there is an excess in the region ). farmers dislike the technology because of the risks of compaction because of the heavy loads of slurry. Another negative effect is the less predictable nutriënt availability in the soil of organic fertilisers. Also the costs and of additional sowing of cover crops is considered a negative aspect. Having the correct machinery is not an issue, since there are a lot of cooperations with contractors who can do the application for you.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

1998

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 在实验/研究期间

注释（项目类型等）:

Research has shown that organic matter input is of vital importance if you want to maintain your soil quality. Farmers know this, all farmers in the region use at least partly organic manure.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 土壤肥力综合管理

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

注释:

I think the area size depends on how big you estimate the study site area, but most of the farmers use (at least partly) organic manure. This may be up around 80% of the farmers.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Before planting/sowing organic manure is added to the soil, either by spreading it on top of the soil (photo 1) or injecting it in the soil (photo 2)

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Euro

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

0.87

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

There are no costs for establishment. Possibly in some case equipment to spread slurry, however this is mostly done by contract work.

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	fertilisation with slurry	农业学的	once a year in early spring
2.	sowing of cover crops	农业学的	late summer/ early autumn
3.	incorporating cover crops	农业学的	late winter/early spring

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
植物材料	seed costs and sowing cover crops	ha	50.0	100.0	5000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	compost application	m3	250.0	15.0	3750.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	solid manure application	m3	250.0	10.0	2500.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	pig slurry application	m3	1000.0	-10.0	-10000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					1250.0

注释:

Not calculated is the profit for the reduction of mineral inputs. For pig slurry there are negative costs because the pig farmer has to pay the arable farmer to get rid of his slurry.
Costs for labour and machinery to apply the manure and for sowing are included in the application numbers.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

price of compost and solid manure, negative price of pig slurry, costs for seed and sowing cover crops

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Higher yields
better soil quality in general

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
more resilient soil
more soil life

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
it is somewhat more difficult to calculate and make sure you have all the nutrients in correct amounts on your field	take samples from the manure, and get used to the calculations
you still have to add mineral fertilizer, because the manure does not have all nutrients in the right amounts	not.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
risk of soil compaction	Don't bring all the manure for the whole field at once, several smaller portions.

7.1 信息的方法/来源