Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

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De Peel is a sandy soil rural region in the southeast of the Netherlands. The technology is not limited by soil type or crop production system. An important requisite is the availability of manure. \r\nThe technology is applied on conventional farms. Mineral fertilizers are (partly) replaced by organic fertilizers. The yearly crop fertilization is mainly based on slurry which is in abundance available in the region. The amount of organic fertilizers is restricted by national and regional legislation related to the total input of Nitrogen and Phosphorus. Occasionally additional solid manure and/or compost is put in (autumn). Extra organic matter input by manure is sometimes combined with emphasis on the use of cover crops which gives an additional input of organic matter as well.\r\nMain purposes of the technology are to improve soil quality in general, reduce wind erosion, reduce nitrate leaching, increase soil biodiversity and make the soil more resilient to stress factors like drought or excessive rainfall.\r\nMajor activities are reduction of mineral fertilisers and the increase of organic fertilizers. This is accompanied by the additional use of cover crops whenever possible.\r\nThe impacts are so far an increase of soil organic matter, an increase of soil biodiversity, higher yields and a higher soil resilience.\r\nLandusers like the technology because of the better soil quality, increase of yields, lower input costs (farmers are paid to use manure, since there is an excess in the region ). farmers dislike the technology because of the risks of compaction because of the heavy loads of slurry. Another negative effect is the less predictable nutri\u00ebnt availability in the soil of organic fertilisers. Also the costs and of additional sowing of cover crops is considered a negative aspect. Having the correct machinery is not an issue, since there are a lot of cooperations with contractors who can do the application for you."}}], "tech_qg_3": [{"tech_sites_considered": "sites_considered_10_100"}], "tech_qg_4": [{"tech_spread_tech": "tech_spread_evenly"}], "tech_qg_5": [{"tech_who_implemented": ["implementation_experiments"], "tech_who_implemented_comments": {"en": "Research has shown that organic matter input is of vital importance if you want to maintain your soil quality. Farmers know this, all farmers in the region use at least partly organic manure."}}], "tech_qg_6": [{"tech_main_purpose": ["main_purpose_production", "main_purpose_degradation", "main_purpose_biodiversity", "main_purpose_adaption", "main_purpose_economic"]}], "tech_qg_7": [{"tech_lu_comments": {"en": "Main crops (cash and food crops): sugarbeet, processing peas, leek, carrots, spring barley, silage maize, potatoes"}}], "tech_qg_8": [{"tech_measures": ["tech_measures_agronomic"]}], "tech_qg_9": [{"tech_landuse_2018": ["tech_lu_cropland"]}], "qg_sources": [{"sources_used": ["source_field", "source_interviews_experts"]}], "tech_qg_10": [{"tech_growing_seasons": "growing_season_1", "tech_lu_cropland_sub": ["lu_cropland_ca"], "tech_lu_cropland_annual_cropping_crops": ["annual_crops_422", "annual_crops_429", "annual_crops_434", "annual_crops_435", "annual_crops_443", "annual_crops_469"]}], "tech_qg_19": [{"tech_watersupply": "tech_watersupply_mixed"}], "tech_qg_20": [{"tech_slm_group": ["tech_slm_group_soilfertility"]}], "tech_qg_21": [{"tech_measures_agronomic_sub": ["measures_agronomic_a1", "measures_agronomic_a2"]}], "tech_qg_27": [{"tech_degradation": ["degradation_erosion_wind", "degradation_chemical", "degradation_physical", "degradation_biological", "degradation_water"]}], "tech_qg_29": [{"degradation_erosion_wind_sub": ["degradation_et"]}], "tech_qg_30": [{"degradation_chemical_sub": ["degradation_cn"]}], "tech_qg_31": [{"degradation_physical_sub": ["degradation_pc"]}], "tech_qg_32": [{"degradation_biological_sub": ["degradation_bl"]}], "tech_qg_33": [{"degradation_water_sub": ["degradation_hq"]}], "tech_qg_35": [{"tech_prevention": ["intervention_prevent_ld"]}], "tech_qg_43": [{"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "once a year in early spring"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "fertilisation with slurry"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "late summer/ early autumn"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "sowing of cover crops"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "late winter/early spring"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "incorporating cover crops"}}], "tech_qg_47": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 100.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "seed costs and sowing cover crops"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 50.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 5000.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_52": [{"tech_input_maint_comments": {"en": "Not calculated is the profit for the reduction of mineral inputs. For pig slurry there are negative costs because the pig farmer has to pay the arable farmer to get rid of his slurry.\r\nCosts for labour and machinery to apply the manure and for sowing are included in the application numbers."}}], "tech_qg_54": [{"tech_rainfall": ["tech_rainfall_751_1000"], "tech_rainfall_annual": 850.0, "tech_rainfall_meteostation": {"en": "Volkel the Netherlands"}}], "tech_qg_55": [{"tech_agroclimatic_zone": ["tech_agroclimatic_zone_subhumid"]}], "tech_qg_56": [{"tech_slopes": ["tech_slopes_flat"], "tech_landforms": ["tech_landforms_plateau"], "tech_altitudinalzone": ["tech_altitudinalzone_0_100"]}], "tech_qg_57": [{"tech_convex_concave": "topography_not_relevant"}], "tech_qg_58": [{"tech_soil_depth": ["tech_soil_depth_shallow"], "tech_topsoil_organic": ["tech_topsoil_organic_high"], "tech_soil_texture_20cm": ["tech_soil_texture_coarse"], "tech_soil_texture_topsoil": ["tech_soil_texture_coarse"]}], "tech_qg_60": [{"tech_groundwater": "tech_groundwater_less_5m", "tech_surfacewater": "tech_surfacewater_good", "tech_waterquality": "tech_waterquality_agriculturaluse"}], "tech_qg_61": [{"tech_salinization": 0}], "tech_qg_63": [{"tech_flooding": 0}], "tech_qg_66": [{"tech_habitatdiversity": "measure_medium", "tech_speciesdiversity": "measure_medium"}], "tech_qg_71": [{"tech_gender": ["gender_men"], "tech_wealth": ["tech_wealth_rich"], "tech_individuals": ["individuals_individual"], "tech_age_landusers": ["tech_age_middle"], "tech_mechanisation": ["mechanisation_mechanised"], "tech_offfarm_income": ["offfarm_income_0_10"], "tech_sedentary_nomadic": ["sedentary_sedentary"], "tech_market_orientation": ["tech_market_orientation_commercial"]}], "tech_qg_72": [{"tech_land_size": ["tech_land_size_15_50", "tech_land_size_50_100"], "tech_land_size_relative": ["tech_size_mediumscale"]}], "tech_qg_73": [{"tech_ownership": ["tech_ownership_individualtitled"], "tech_landuserights": ["tech_userights_individual"], "tech_wateruserights": ["tech_userights_communal"]}], "tech_qg_76": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Compared with the control (same crop, same management) we found higher yields"}, "tech_impacts_cropproduction": 5}], "tech_qg_79": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Compared with the control (same crop, same management) we found higher yields"}, "tech_impacts_fodderproduction": 5}], "tech_qg_93": [{"tech_input_est_comments": {"en": "There are no costs for establishment. Possibly in some case equipment to spread slurry, however this is mostly done by contract work."}}], "tech_qg_95": [{"tech_input_determinate_factors": {"en": "price of compost and solid manure, negative price of pig slurry, costs for seed and sowing cover crops"}}], "qg_location": [{"country": "country_NLD", "state_province": {"en": "De Peel"}, "further_location": {"en": "Near the village Vredepeel"}}], "tech_qg_103": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Manure is more expensive than mineral fertiliser, but because of the excess of manure in the region the prices are negative and this is compensated"}, "tech_impacts_expenses": 4}], "tech_qg_104": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The costs do not rise, but the yield does, so also a higher income."}, "tech_impacts_farmincome": 5}], "tech_qg_119": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Organic matter is capable of binding nutrients, so less nutrients will leach to the water."}, "tech_impacts_waterquality": 5}], "tech_qg_126": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "More green manure crops are used, so the soil is covered more time in the year."}, "tech_impacts_soilcover": 5}], "tech_qg_130": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The amounts of organic manure have a heavy weight, and are applied to the soil with heavy machinery which would not be necessary if you only use mineral fertiliser."}, "tech_impacts_soilcompaction": 3}], "tech_qg_133": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "More organic matter is applied, so soil organic matter levels will increase."}, "tech_impacts_soilorganicmatter": 5}], "tech_qg_138": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "More organic matter and more green manure crops create better living circumstances for these species."}, "tech_impacts_beneficialspecies": 5}], "tech_qg_150": [{"tech_impacts_groundwaterpollution": 5}], "tech_qg_156": [{"tech_sustainability": 0}], "tech_qg_160": [{"tech_implementation_year": 1998}], "tech_qg_163": [{"tech_perarea_size": {"en": "50 ha"}}], "tech_qg_164": [{"tech_input_average_wage": {"en": "160"}, "tech_input_exchange_rate": 0.87, "tech_input_national_currency": {"en": "Euro"}}], "tech_qg_179": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_well"}], "tech_qg_181": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_slightlypositive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_neutral"}], "tech_qg_182": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_slightlypositive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_neutral"}], "tech_qg_184": [{"user_id": "3977", "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_slmspecialist"}], "tech_qg_185": [{"tech_drawing": "182a2e32-3880-4d58-a691-ece89a00abdf", "tech_specifications": {"en": "Before planting/sowing organic manure is added to the soil, either by spreading it on top of the soil (photo 1) or injecting it in the soil (photo 2)"}}, {"tech_drawing": "c6cb5d3c-4570-4b7a-a514-b04b83551eb2"}], "tech_qg_191": [{"tech_adoption_percentage": "adoption_percentage_less_10", "tech_adoption_spontaneously": "tech_adoption_spont_90_100"}], "tech_qg_202": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_well"}], "tech_qg_217": [{"tech_cost_calculation_base": "tech_input_calc_per_area"}], "tech_qg_219": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "m3"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 15.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "compost application"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 250.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 3750.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "m3"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 10.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "solid manure application"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 250.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 2500.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "m3"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": -10.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "pig slurry application"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1000.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": -10000.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_223": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs": 1250.0}], "tech_qg_225": [{"location_comments": {"en": "I think the area size depends on how big you estimate the study site area, but most of the farmers use (at least partly) organic manure. This may be up around 80% of the farmers."}}], "tech_qg_226": [{"tech_access_roads": 3, "tech_access_water": 3, "tech_access_energy": 3, "tech_access_health": 3, "tech_access_markets": 3, "tech_access_education": 3, "tech_access_financial": 3, "tech_access_employment": 2, "tech_access_techassistance": 3}], "tech_qg_230": [{"tech_adaptation_yes": 0}], "tech_qg_233": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs_usd": 1436.78}], "tech_qg_250": [{"date_documentation": "19/07/2017"}], "qg_location_map": [{"location_map": "{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1507208754612,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[5.848927348995431,51.539317957761625]},\"properties\":null},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1507208756436,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[5.84570869817756,51.54139991547132]},\"properties\":null}]}"}], "qg_funding_project": [{"funding_project": 1017}], "qg_accept_conditions": [{"accept_conditions": 1}], "qg_strengths_compiler": [{"strengths_compiler": {"en": "more resilient soil"}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "more soil life"}}], "qg_funding_institution": [{"funding_institution": 1238}], "qg_strengths_landusers": [{"strengths_landuser": {"en": "Higher yields"}}, {"strengths_landuser": {"en": "better soil quality in general"}}], "qg_weaknesses_compiler": [{"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "risk of soil compaction"}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Don't bring all the manure for the whole field at once, several smaller portions."}}], "qg_weaknesses_landusers": [{"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "it is somewhat more difficult to calculate and make sure you have all the nutrients in correct amounts on your field"}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "take samples from the manure, and get used to the calculations"}}, {"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "you still have to add mineral fertilizer, because the manure does not have all nutrients in the right amounts"}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "not."}}]}>, 'map_url': '/en/wocat/technologies/view/technologies_2965/map/', 'template': 'raw'}