1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Pamir Biological Institute (Pamir Biological Institute) - 塔吉克斯坦

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Kyrgyzstan Mountain Societies Development Support Programme, Aga Khan Development Network (MSDSP KG) - 吉尔吉斯斯坦

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

11/04/2011

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Irrigation of a young orchard using locally available and low-cost materials for a drip irrigation system in the Pamir’s arid zone

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The system consists of a reservoir and polyethylene irrigation tubes and emitters installed along the rows of trees. Water accumulates in the reservoir during spring and early summer when there is no deficit in irrigation water. During the dry summer months water is then used for drip irrigation. Located in the upper part of the system, the reservoir ensures water pressure in the system. Due to the complex local topography, this irrigation method can be used without water pumps since natural water pressure ensures normal functioning of the system. Even though this water saving technology is quite effective, drip irrigation is rarely used since both the construction and maintenance of the system are quite expensive. With the introduction of this technology into the poor mountain communities of GBAO, the overall objective was to make drip irrigation technology cheaper and more easily available to farmers. The objective was achieved by the use of simple polyethylene irrigation tubes, simple screws instead of expensive emitters, and natural water pressure excluding the construction of a water pump station. Water is dripped directly to the roots of the trees, thus excluding loss of water and soil erosion. Fertilisers can be added directly to the water reservoir. This technology allows increased water savings of 50%, and 90% of fertilisers. During the growing period trees are watered once every 6 days.

Purpose of the Technology: The purpose of this technology is to improve the water supply for fruit orchards during the growing period in the arid conditions of the Pamirs where available water is very limited.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Steps to implement the technology include the following: dig holes for trees, plant trees, establish water reservoir, lay polyethylene tubes, install emitters and regularly clean irrigation system.

Natural / human environment: The plot is located in an arid zone at the height of 2000m above sea level. It is a high mountain area with typical brown soils and slopes up to 60 degrees steepness. Annual precipitation is quite low and mainly occurs in the autumn and winter period. Summers are extremely dry. The main occupations of the local population include agriculture and cattle breeding.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

the project was implemented in 2006

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• adapt to enviroment

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): lack of water, soil erosion, reduction of yield, reduction of soil fertility

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): lack of irrigation water, reduction of yield

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Cropland: Ct: Tree and shrub cropping

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Cropland: Ct: Tree and shrub cropping

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 充分灌溉

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 190Longest growing period from month to month: from April to October

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

注释:

0.01 ha

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: vegetative measures

Secondary measures: agronomic measures

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -linear

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Bc: reduction of vegetation cover, Ha: aridification

Main causes of degradation: soil management, crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub), change in temperature, change of seasonal rainfall

Secondary causes of degradation: over abstraction / excessive withdrawal of water (for irrigation, industry, etc.), droughts, population pressure, poverty / wealth

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Main goals: prevention of land degradation

Secondary goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation, rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

The system consists of a reservoir and polyethylene irrigation tubes and emitters installed along the rows of trees.

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply

Secondary technical functions: improvement of ground cover, increase in organic matter, increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,…), water spreading, increase of biomass (quantity), promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, eg palatable fodder)

Aligned: -linear
Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 400
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 3
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 3

Fruit trees / shrubs species: apricot, peach, european walnut, apple

Perennial crops species: alfalfa

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 8.00%

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Tajik Somony

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

4.45

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	tree planting	植物性的	first year
2.	mounting of drip irrigation system	植物性的	before planting

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Tree planting	Persons/day	2.0	11.0	22.0	100.0
劳动力	Mounting of drip irrigation system	Persons/day	5.0	25.2	126.0
设备	Tools	pieces	5.0	1.2	6.0	100.0
设备	Other Tools	pieces	5.0	2.2	11.0
设备	Polyethylene tube	meters	2200.0	0.445454545	980.0
设备	Watertank	pieces	1.0	600.0	600.0
植物材料	Tree seedlings	pieces	360.0	0.675	243.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Fertilizer	kg	10.0	1.7	17.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					2005.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 1 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	sanitary cutting of trees	植物性的	every 3-5 years
2.	hay harvest	植物性的	three time per year
3.	unclogging the irrigation tubes	植物性的	every year

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Sanitary cutting of trees	Persons/day	0.6	16.66667	10.0	100.0
劳动力	Hay harvest	Persons/day	1.0	9.0	9.0	100.0
劳动力	Unclogging the irrigation tubes	Persons/day	1.0	11.0	11.0
设备	Tools (Scissors)	pieces	2.0	2.5	5.0	100.0
设备	Tool for harvesting	pieces	1.0	2.0	2.0	100.0
设备	Tools for unclogging tubes	pieces	2.0	2.25	4.5	100.0
设备	Polyethylene tube	meters	56.0	0.445454545	24.95	100.0
设备	Water tank	repair	1.0	10.0	10.0	100.0
植物材料	Seedlings tree replacement	pieces	15.0	0.675	10.13	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Fertilizer	kg	10.0	1.7	17.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					103.58

注释:

For creation of drip irrigation system on a plot of 1 ha (May 2011)

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

equipment for irrigation system (polyethylene tubes)

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone is 2100m above sea level

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil texture is about 40% silt

Soil fertility is medium

Soil drainage / infiltration is good

Soil water storage capacity is medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%

40% of the land users are average wealthy and own 30% of the land.
60% of the land users are poor and own 70% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: In dry season the harvest is about 20 - 30% higher as compared with the farmers which did not use the technology

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	不好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	不好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

Increase of irrigation water availability will improve agricultural production and cover all the expenses that were needed for the establishment of the irrigation system

6.5 技术采用

• 大于 50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

18 households (area is 10 ha)

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 10-50%

注释:

80% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

15 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

20% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

3 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: some land users have already adopted the system

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Increase water resources for irrigation of orchards

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Increases water saving up to 50%
Opportunity to irrigate orchards during droughts and dry spells (when there is no irrigation water available)
Opportunity to apply this technology on steep slopes
Reservoir can be filled with rainwater How can they be sustained / enhanced? through installation of rainwater harvesting system

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The system has to be regularly cleaned from sediments	use filters to clean water from sediments