1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Interactive Soil Quality assessment in Europe and China for Agricultural productivity and Environmental Resilience (EU-iSQAPER)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Department for Agronomy, University of Ljubljana - 斯洛文尼亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

31/05/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

It is based on 5 years crop rotation, full absence of artificial plant protection products and mineral nitrogen and the circulation of nitrogen via organic manure, crops and residues.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

1.The technology is applied in the flatlands of Ljubljana with an average altitude of 350 m.a.s.l. The average annual precipitation is 1400 mm. The area is characterized with often stormy precipitation events and occasional droughts. Silty loam soils in the area are moderately deep to deep with medium soil organic matter. Area has good availability of surface water and groundwater of good drinking quality. Area has medium biodiversity without salinity and flooding problems. Sedentary agriculture with mixed or commercial agriculture is practiced with less than 10 percemt from off-farm activities. The examined farm household has an average wealth and is mechanized/motorized. The farm is run by middle aged and elderly mens. The farm household has good access to all services and infrastructure. Farm is of medium scale with land partly owned by the land users and partly leased from other private owners.

2. Main characteristics are
(1) full 5 year crop rotation
(2) at least 0.5 livestock units
(3) circulation of nitrogen via organic manure
(4) cycle of other nutrients closed as much as possible
(5) absence of artificial plant protection products and mineral nitrogen.
(6) nitrogen fixation leguminous in crop rotation
(7) production of local traditional species (buckwheat)

3. Purpose of the technology is to manage the land in a sustainable way with closed nutrient cycles and to increase the biodiversity. Organic matter increases organic matter and fertility of the soils. Reduced soil acidificatino, pollution, salinization and alkalinization. Reduced soil compaction, slaking and crusting of soils. Increased bio-productive function of soils. Increased vegetation cover, biomass and improves habitats with better quantity of species and its composition and diversity. The purpose is also to offer customers food of local and well known products without any use of chemically based plant protection.

4. Major activities:
(1) keeping of farm animals in stables for closing the N-balance
(2) a lot of further manual farm and cultivation work. Some of it is replaced by new machinery. This causes additional costs at the moment of establishment
(3) regular manual checking for pests, diseases.

5. Benefits are the closed N cycle and the CO2 sequestration - high organic matter content, lower loss of nutrients, higher biodiversity.

6. Farm users dislike lots of costs connected with the new machinery, lots of paper work for the certification, the pressure on productivity, a great deal of work with planning crop rotations and nutrient management, coping with pests and diseases. But they like the better price on the market.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2008

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

• Common agricultural policy

注释（项目类型等）:

The land user saw the opportunity of capital city market and rising market of organic food in Slovenia. The subsidy payments accelerated the whole process of transformation from conventional to organic farm.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Vegetable on limited area is also irrigated.

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 轮作制度（轮作、休耕、轮垦）
• 土壤肥力综合管理
• 病虫害综合管理（包括有机农业）

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

注释:

Only one farmer of the village is engaged in organic farming.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Infographic presents main activities taken place under organic farming technology (rotation, weed and pest control, animal welfare and use of organic fertilisers) . All of them finally result in benefits at the bottom of figure (local market, known origin of food, healthy food, food self-sufficiency).

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

EUR

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Exclusion of artificial chemiclas (plant protection products)	农业学的	all year around
2.	Only organic N in use	农业学的	all year around
3.	5 year rotation	农业学的	all year arround
4.	Winter cover crops	农业学的	in autumn, winter
5.	Working with papers, records	农业学的	all year around
6.	Animal stall reconstruction	农业学的	first year
7.	machinery (cultivator, grubber, harrows)	农业学的	first three years
8.	Plant protection preparations (for diseases and pests)	农业学的	First year
9.	Further cost for diverse supplement activities (50% more work)	农业学的	all year around

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Working with papers, records	hour	20.0	6.25	125.0	20.0
劳动力	Further cost for diverse supplement activities	hour	700.0	6.25	4375.0	100.0
设备	machinery (cultivator, grubber, harrows)	pcs	3.0	4000.0	12000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Copper preparations (diseases)	ml	100.0	0.2	20.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Naturalis (potato)	ml	100.0	0.2	20.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Nivezal (potato)	ml	100.0	0.2	20.0	100.0
施工材料	Animal stall reconstruction	pcs	1.0	60000.0	60000.0	100.0
其它	Regular certifiaction control for organic production	pcs	1.0	400.0	400.0
技术建立所需总成本					76960.0

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Working with papers, records	农业学的	all year around
2.	Equipment maintenance	农业学的	all year around
3.	Only organic N in use	农业学的	all year around
4.	Winter cover crops	农业学的	autumn, winter
5.	5 year rotation	农业学的	all year around
6.	Buying plant protection products	农业学的	all year around
7.	Further cost for diverse supplement activities (35% more work)	农业学的	all year aroud

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Working with papers, records	hour	20.0	6.25	125.0	100.0
劳动力	Further cost for diverse supplement activities	hour	490.0	6.25	3062.5	100.0
设备	regular maintenance of machinery	hour	1.0	50.0	50.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Copper preparations (diseases)	ml	100.0	0.2	20.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Naturalis (potato)	ml	100.0	0.2	20.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Nivezal (potato)	ml	100.0	0.2	20.0	100.0
其它	Regular certifiaction control for organic production	pcs	1.0	400.0	400.0
技术维护所需总成本					3697.5

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

The reamining costs are coverd by subsidy payments.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour availability, price of organic plant protection products and fertilisers, price of the machinery

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 租赁
• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	未知
季节性温度	夏季	增加	未知

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

It is important that land user is engaged on market with self-promotion and good quality of product.

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

It is self-initiated as farm has its land on a water protection zone with many restrictions in management.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Lower use of plant protection products - less impact on bidiversity and water sources.
Quality of products.
Demand over organic food on the market is high, Farm is close (1 km) to capital city market.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Food produced without chemicals is of better quality and more interesting for the market.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Working force, especialy in vegetable production	New machinery, rotation
Shortage of nitrogen	fabaceae (legumes) as part of crop rotation

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
A lot of work force and expensive specialized machinery needed.	This is part of this technology. This can be overcome with higher prices of products.

7.1 信息的方法/来源