1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute (NAFRI) - 老挝人民民主共和国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

11/01/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Effective micro-organism (EM) is a liquid concentrate which can be used as a pre planting treatment, for actively growing vegetables and helps to increase beneficial soil microorganisms and suppression of harmful ones.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Farmers have practiced household gardening for a considerable period of time in order to increase food security and generate an income. However some farmers have experienced difficulties in cultivating vegetables due to various challenges such as the soil type, for example clay or compacted soil, ineffective water seepage as well as the soil’s low nutrient content making it unsuitable for agricultural purposes. Consequently, the problems that the farmers often faced included vegetables of inferior quality, outbreaks of diseases, as well as surges of insects and pests which typically reduce yields by approximately 30%. In order to increase production and cultivate at a preferable period of time, farmers often applied chemical fertilizer in combination with animal compost. However the production outputs and quality of the produce were not up to expectations if compared to agricultural practices that do not involve the use of chemicals. It has been noted that vegetables grown with the use of chemical fertilizers cannot be kept for a long period of time as they tend to spoil more quickly, despite the increase in production yields. In 2015 an International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD) Programme introduced a technique to produce effective micro-organisms (EM) and encouraged people to use these to improve the nutrient content of the soil and thereby enhance the quality of home garden vegetables as well as other potential crops. The farmers gained an interest in EM and began to produce it according to the programme’s instructions. The production of EM is actually relatively easy, and farmers can use organic waste from vegetables such as Chinese mustard (Brassica juncea), morning glory and water spinach mixed with 1kg of sugar and 0.5 kg of molasses (if available, or it can be excluded, but it should be available at an agricultural produce outlet). Firstly the organic waste should be sliced/chopped into small pieces and then sugar and molasses are added which are then all mixed in a 20 litre container. Then a one metre long stick should be used to mix all the ingredients and the container lid should then be sealed properly. Once these steps have been completed, the EM production container should avoid sunlight and be stored in the shade so as to ensure the quality of EM. After one week the container can be opened to mix the ingredients again and then it can continue to remain in the shade for another month. Thereafter, EM mixture is ready for use and one table spoon should be added to 10 litres of water, and once this has been mixed well it can be applied to the vegetables in the home garden by using water cans. Watering involves pouring the solution from the leaves to the stems or to the roots of the vegetables. After the application of the EM solution it was noted that there were more earthworms around the vegetable plots and also that there was an increase in soil moisture and nutrients. Furthermore it was also noted that the soil was previously relatively white and compacted and not black and porous allowing for good water seepage. In this way water is absorbed by the soil in the plot rather than running off over the surface. Plant pathogens and pests/insects such as red ants and leaf worms was reduced. As a result, the vegetables grew well with a good average weight, and there was an increase in both the quality and the yield. As a comparison, in the past farmers used to be able to harvest 5-6 kg per plot, but now they are capable of securing 12-15kg per plot. However, weeds still remain a problem and these include Eleusine indica and thorny grass which compete for nutrients with the crops. It is a challenge for the farmers to control these weeds including other natural vegetables.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2015

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 土壤肥力综合管理
• 家庭花园

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化
• 适应土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

This bio-extracting technique can be done easily and farmers can use local waste materials such as cabbage, pineapple, spinach and so on. With the following ingredients: 3 kg of vegetables, 1 kg of sugar, 0.5 liters of molasses. Then bring the vegetables to chop thoroughly and then bring the sugar and mixed molasses into a 20 liter tank prepared and mixed together, the area of the bio-extracted technique is 2 meters x 2 meters, Then put about 1 meter of wood to mix it and close the barrel to keep it in the air when practicing all the techniques and then we will bring a bio-extracted tank to a sunny shade to preserve the quality of detergent, Then one more week, we can open the tank for all the ingredients again, so we can do this for a period of time, up to a month, and then add the biological extracts 1 spoon / 10 liters of water to mix and then irrigate the vegetable.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Kip

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

8500.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Collect the waste vegetable	农业学的	After harvesting
2.	chop to small size	其它措施	After harvesting
3.	Mix with sugar and molasses	其它措施
4.	Irrigate vegetable	其它措施

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labor	person	1.0	50000.0	50000.0	100.0
设备	Knife	peice	1.0	20000.0	20000.0
设备	irrigation tank	peice	1.0	30000.0	30000.0
设备	Bucket	peice	2.0	25000.0	50000.0
植物材料	Molasses	kg	1.0	8000.0	8000.0	100.0
植物材料	Sugar	liter	2.0	7000.0	14000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					172000.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

FNML ( Food and Nutrition Market Linkage ) project support an equipment

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Collect the waste vegetable	农业学的	After harvesting
2.	chop to small size	其它措施	After harvesting
3.	Mix with sugar and molasses	其它措施
4.	Irrigate vegetable	其它措施

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labor	person	1.0	50000.0	50000.0	100.0
设备	Knife	piece	1.0	20000.0	20000.0
设备	irrigation tank	piece	1.0	30000.0	30000.0
设备	tank	piece	1.0	25000.0	25000.0
植物材料	Molasses	kg	1.0	7000.0	7000.0	100.0
植物材料	Sugar	liter	2.0	8000.0	16000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					148000.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

FNML ( Food and Nutrition Market Linkage ) project support an equipment

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labor

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	适度
季节性温度	旱季	增加	适度
年降雨量		减少	不好
季雨量	湿季/雨季	减少	适度

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	适度
局地风暴	不好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
昆虫/蠕虫侵扰	好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
延长生长期	不好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 10-50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 不断变化的市场

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Easy to find the vegetable waste and not complicate process.
Reduces household expenses for input cost as the cost of producing of EM is cheaper than buy chemical fertilizer
Increased household income from vegetables and improved food security

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Environmentally friendly and good for land user's health.
Increased both quantity and quality of vegetable production.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
EM solution also encourages more grass/weeds to grow especially leusine indica and thorny grass that challenge for farmers to control weed.
Sometimes, it is difficult to find molasses in general grocery

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

ນຳ້ຳສະກັດຊີວະພາບ (ປຸຍນຳ້ຳ), ສພກສຍ (SEADA)

URL:

http://lao44.org/content/1652