1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO) - 乌干达

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

22/01/2018

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Small scale irrigation system for pasture production. This is practiced by a farmer who effectively utilized a swamp by constructing a relatively small water reservoir for watering pastures during dry season to ensure continuous pasture production all year around.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Small scale irrigation system for pasture production is the artificial supply of water to areas for agricultural use; in this case water is supplied to pasture land. It’s practiced by a cattle farmer in Kyegwemera Village Kyegegwa District in western Uganda who effectively utilized the swamp by constructing a relatively small water reservoir for watering pastures during the dry season to ensure continuous pasture production all year round.
This irrigation project was initiated and partially financed by the local government and is used as training ground for the various farmer groups interested in adoption of the technology; as technical guidance in popularizing farmer-managed smallholder irrigation systems. Also training of district staff members and other stakeholders in irrigation technology, the sustainable utilization and management of wetlands. More so, the monitoring and evaluation progress in irrigation activities in liaison with district specialists also increases development of this technology and its adoption in the district.
With support from local government, the farmer was able to construct the irrigation site to boost pasture production for his 9 dairy cattle grazed on the farm. The irrigation water reservoir has a size of 25 feet long by 10 feet wide of his total land area of 22 acres. The water reservoir has a holding capacity of approx. 25.000 liters.
This system has a small pump with the capacity of 25000 litres/h and is able to irrigate up to 5 hectares. The motorized pump is used to pump water from the swamp into an open water reservoir which is later pumped or supplied to the pastures. The water is also used for drinking for the animals.
From the irrigated fields, fodder yields are stable and reliable to meet production targets hence reduced fluctuations in year-to-year yields and reduced pasture failure during drought. With this system yields from irrigated pastures are expected to increase up to two to three (2-3) time’s higher hence increased pasture yield. In addition, irrigation enhances continuous cultivation due to available irrigation equipment like pumps and other ancillary equipment.
Establishment of the irrigation system cost two million seven hundred seventy thousand shillings only (2,770,000=); for reservoir construction labor, spade, bricks, sand, clay, fuel, servicing frequent pump breakdown, construction cement, water proof cement and generator. The system is simple to install and easy to use. The small-scale irrigation project addresses problems that have been caused by both severe and recurring drought and increasing desertification. However, majority of farmers are illiterate and lack basic knowledge of water requirements, irrigation scheduling, skills in maintaining and operating the pumps. This affects yields, as crops are either over or under-irrigated, leading to wastage of the little available water. Erosion is also a serious problem during the rainy season in addition to continuous cultivation and reduced fertility issues.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2016

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

The district local government partially funded the construction of the system to serve as a demo site for the other farmers in the area.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Grazing land

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）
• 湿地保护/管理

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 不适用

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Reservoir size is length 25 feet, width 10 feet.
Depth can be between 3 feet and 9 feet, depending on the water requirement.
Lateral gradient of structure is flat.
Space between structure and plants is 2 meters.
Capacity of the dam is approximately 25.000 liters (at 3 feet depth).

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Uganda shillings

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

3650.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Clearing the area	管理	Once
2.	Pumping the water	管理	Once
3.	Constructing the reservior	结构性的	Once
4.	Acquiring a motorized pump	管理	Once

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

如果可能，按下表分列技术建立费用，并列明各项投入和每项投入的费用。如果您无法分解成本，给出建立该技术的总成本估算。:

2770000.0

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labor	Person-days	5.0	200000.0	1000000.0	50.0
设备	Hoes	Piece	2.0	10000.0	20000.0	100.0
设备	Spade	Piece	2.0	10000.0	20000.0	100.0
设备	Motorized pump	Piece	1.0	350000.0	350000.0	50.0
施工材料	Bricks	Pieces	3000.0	150.0	450000.0	50.0
施工材料	Sand	Tone	1.0	160000.0	160000.0	50.0
施工材料	Clay	Tone	1.0	50000.0	50000.0	100.0
施工材料	Construction cement	bags	10.0	32000.0	320000.0	50.0
施工材料	Water proof cement	bags	10.0	40000.0	400000.0	50.0
技术建立所需总成本					2770000.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Kyegegwa District local government

注释:

The system was partially financed by the local government

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Cleaning the reservoir	管理	Daily
2.	Treating the water	管理	Daily
3.	Servicing the motorized pump	管理	Monthly
4.	Buying fuel	管理	Daily

注释:

The water is cleaned to prevent blockage of the water pipes and because sometimes the farmer gives it to the cows to drink.

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

如果可能，按下表分解技术维护费用，并列明各项投入和每项投入的费用。如果您无法分解成本，给出维护该技术的总成本估算。:

1246000.0

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labor	Person-days	1.0	1000000.0	1000000.0	100.0
设备	Servicing motorized pump	Piece	3.0	50000.0	150000.0	100.0
设备	Fuel	Liters	32.0	3000.0	96000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					1246000.0

注释:

Maintenance cost estimated on yearly basis

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

是

规律性:

偶然

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Continuous pasture production
Steady water supply all through the seasons
Increase in pasture yields

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Quite a good innovation
Natural resource utilisation

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Establishment is quite expensive	Government Agricultural bodies should take part in supporting farmers to help farmers establish such systems even for other crops other than pastures
Maintenance is relatively expensive

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Apart from the environmental risks; large-scale irrigation projects are also costly, not only in terms of capital expenditure, but also in terms of recurrent expenditures for the operation and maintenance of such systems. Such costs pose tremendous difficulties for the sustainability of irrigation schemes. Furthermore, the introduction of irrigation can also lead to inequities in the social context.
Irrigation tends to increase land prices, which may lead to marginal farmers being bought out and landless tenants displaced.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Irrigation Techniques for Small-scale Farmers, Martin Smith, Giovanni Muñoz and Javier Sanz Alvarez, FAO 2014, ISBN 978-92-5-108326

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Internet

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

The Advantages of Small Scale Irrigation Schemes

URL:

http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H010663.pdf