1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

31/08/2015

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

This technology is designed for the high altitude mountains areas, where biomass and growing trees are limited, first because of the harsh climatic conditions and secondly because of the limited arable lands for growing biomass and forests. Thermo insulation is applied in order to keep warmth inside and save using wood and biomass.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technology is applied in the mountainous rural areas of Tajikistan, in Rasht, Khatlon and GBAO. In this mountain regions wood and biomass are usually limited because of the harsh climate, risky agricultural zone and limited arable land. In the first decade of the transition period after the collapse of the Soviet Union problems with electricity and therfore the demand for fuel and wood increased. This caused a lot of forest degradation, because people were cutting trees from government owned and community areas for their fuel needs and used animal manure for heating their houses and cooking food. The technology is specifically designed to use low cost materials so that rural households can afford it. The technology consists of material like foil and wood to build frames for some layers to keep in the heat. Depending on the altitude, which is linked to the climate condition, the number of layers is increased where the climate is cold. The layer in between contains air, which prevents outside and inside air to move out/in. The technology was intended for saving up to 30% fuel. The technology includes support of entrepreneurs to make foil available in the market and provides training for local masters and labourers in designing and constructing of the technology. The main benefit is to contribute to biomass savings and forest preservation through reduced use of wood for heating and cooking. Land users are in favour because through this technology they are using less wood and save forest. They also burn less manure and can use it as fertilizers for their land. The technology brings comfort for longer periods of time by keeping heat inside the room. In addition it contribute also to hygine and sanitation, as less fire making prevents smoke emission and therefore keeps the rooms clean. On first sight the technology seems expensive, becasue of the material costs but in the long run when the cost effectiveness is explained land users accepted it.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 在实验/研究期间
• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 降低灾害风险

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

As a result of applying the technology in big numbers it is contributing to forest preservation and improving crop land conditions.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

注释:

both forest, which are mainly growing along the river flowing from the mountians and the open space irrigation is used in this case. In addition an agroforestry system is traditionally common in the technology area, where both tree are grown and the land is cultivated.

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

there is only one season for growing, as the winter is very long and the vegetative period is only 5-6 months. traditonally an agro-foresty system is practiced in this area, where both tree are grown and crop land is cultivated.

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 天然和半天然森林管理
• 森林种植管理
• 农业林学

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

注释:

The technology is applied in buildings but have direct effect on preserving woodlands and crop lands.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

when the technology is widely applied, this will prevents tree cutting and forest rehabilitation, which also prevent soil from overgrazing and compaction.

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

注释:

once the technology is widely introduced it will prevents tree cutting, which also prevents soil degradation.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

A wooden frames is installed on the wall to cover the whole area. Foil will be stretched and will be fixed on the wooden frame on the wall. Based on the need number of layers is selected, which depend on the min/max outside temperature. If required according to the climate and wether of the area and based on altitude another frame from wood will be constructed on the foil and then again another layer of foil will be fixed. The scheme show the frame on the wall with thermo-insulation materials attached to it. The distance between two part of the foil should be an average 2-3sm.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Installing of the wood frame	结构性的	1 day
2.	attaching/fixing the foil with nail on the wooden frame (add frame and foil layer per need)	结构性的	1 day
3.	Cover the structure with clay (mixture of soil and water) as construction material	结构性的	2-4 days

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Local master	person	1.0	2.0	2.0	30.0
施工材料	wood	pe sq meter	0.5	100.0	50.0
施工材料	nail	piece	20.0	0.1	2.0
施工材料	foil	squire meter	1.0	1.0	1.0
技术建立所需总成本					55.0

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

for the demonstration sites 100% of the cost is covered by the project implemented by MSDSP

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

the cost for the constuction materials in the beginning, because as new technology was introduced foil, as the main product for the technology was difficult to find in the market, which is now commonly sold

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

the area is mountain specified as risky agro-climatic zone for agriculture.

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

是

规律性:

偶然

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

very rare case, but becoming more frequently in the last years, when there is heavy rainy season are becoming more common.

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

收入和成本

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
季节性温度	冬季	减少	适度

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 10-50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 10-50%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
One time investment contributes to long term effects in saving forest and biodiversity, provides comfort without additional cost using for collection/buying firewood.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The technology contributes to habitat improvement at all, besides conservation of natural resources it also has social effects in terms of reduced smoke emissions as a result of less firewood making, comfortable condition during harsh winter weather.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
In the short term a big investment is required.	Funding mechanisms should be improved to provide access for farmers/rural population to invest in such technology. Some of the incentive mechanisms should be worked out for replicating the mechanism.
Specialized master skills are required to implement the technology.	More capacity building for existing local farmers should be organized at the local level for long term sustainability.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
By implementing one or two demonstrations at the household level the effect for the purpose of replication and dissemination is very low.	Demonstrations should be applied in public places like school or hospitals so everybody can have access and see the impact.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Wall Insulation Techniques for Buildings in High Mountain Areas

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

from SLM specialist, free of cost