1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

R4D Woody Weeds

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

13/03/2018

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

注释:

The main objective of the technology was to minimize environmental pollution through environmentally friendly production processes, uphold preservation of threatened indigenous species by using invasive Prosopis juliflora as a feed stock thereby reducing its woody biomass as well as controlling its spread. However, it is reported that such extractions of the tree parts for charcoal production purposes enhances coppicing, facilitating further invasion. Although disputed by recent research work, the potentiality of control through utilization in managing Prosopis spread is still uncertain. However, there are chances that unless integrated by other management strategies involving active land restorative measures as documented in technologies 3444 and 3455, charcoal production may not sustainably control the spread of Prosopis juliflora.

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Charcoal production from invasive Prosopis juliflora has several objectives. It has been promoted to control the spread and reduce the abundance of invasive Juliflora while generating income opportunities for poor rural households producing and selling charcoal. Wood pyrolysis is an efficient, environmentally friendly charcoal production technology through indirect heating of wood at high temperatures with the release of water vapor.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The use of invasive Prosopis wood for charcoal production is intended to control its spread, create space for agricultural or grazing activities and restore degraded land.
Tinder Eco fuels limited is a private company whose aim is to efficiently produce charcoal through modern, environmental friendly techniques using the ‘EURO’ line charcoal kilns. Approximately 60 tons of invasive Prosopis wood are collected weekly, ejecting an estimate of Ksh. 400,000 weekly income to the local community.
Prosopis, the only tree in Baringo permitted for charcoal production is cut by land users and dried for three days to lower its water content before being transported to the production firm. The trees are then weighed and cut into 15 cm lengths, a corresponding dimension of the loading and offloading trolleys. In the carbonizing chambers, the raw materials are subjected to indirect burning and consequent cooling by pyrolysis gas heated at 250 – 500 degree celcius, a process that takes 8-16 hours. Operations in the chambers are controlled and regulated by an assembly of sensors. Ready charcoal is offloaded into a winch which is covered and sealed by a sandy-clay mixture for further cooling to prevent combustion.
Land users prefer this technology to the traditional one as it is more efficient with a guaranteed income from the sale of Prosopis wood. The carbonization process is fine-tuned, minimizing smoke production and the number of point sources of pollution through household-based traditional charcoal production. A steady production process that is resilient to rainy seasons ensures market readiness and reduces price fluctuations. Clearing the land from invasive Prosopis increases the land's economic and ecological value and the provision of mutliple ecosystem services relevant for local people.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2015

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

The technology was established by a private company to transform traditional to a modern environmentally friendly charcoal production technique while advocating for the protection of indigenous tree species threatened by invasive Prosopis.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 减缓气候变化及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

• enhance provision of multiple ecosystem services

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

The cleared lands, unless located within the irrigated farmlands where cultivation usually follows, are usually left idle allowing Prosopis to coppice and the harvesting cycle continues.

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

The challenge with charcoal production from prosopis is that without supporting measures and interventions, prosopis may not be reduced. Therefore it is very important to define a clear goal before implementing the technology. If complete eradication of prosopis is the goal, then charcoal production from prosopis can only be a technology to cover the transition from prosopis to e.g. agriculture or pasture.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

具体说明:

Prosopis is an evergreen tree and easily regenerates and becomes invasive without any human intervention. Cutting of stems or uprooting without a restorative measure in place facilitates their ability to coppice and re-germinate due to the resistant nature of their seeds.

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 天然和半天然森林管理
• 畜牧业和牧场管理
• 节能技术

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

注释:

While charcoal production is most efficiently achieved in a centrally located production facility, the woody material from invasive Prosopis typically originates from heavily invaded areas easily accessible and close to the prodcution facility. The size of the facility's catchment area typically depends on the level of invasion.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

注释:

If accompanying measures are put in place, then the technology can also contribute to restore and rehabilitate degraded land.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

100.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Construction	结构性的	once during the plant establishment
2.	Machine installation	结构性的	once during the plant establishment

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	machine installation (35% of machine cost)	Men	14.0	50000.0	700000.0	100.0
设备	‘EURO’ line charcoal kiln	a set	1.0	2000000.0	2000000.0	100.0
设备	welding machine	unit	1.0	22000.0	22000.0	100.0
设备	cutting disk	unit	1.0	1800.0	1800.0	100.0
施工材料	Operations' shade	building	1.0	100000.0	100000.0	100.0
其它	business operations permit	operations permit	1.0	20000.0	20000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					2843800.0

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Transportation of wood from land users	管理	daily
2.	Cutting of wood	结构性的	daily
3.	Loading into carbonizers	结构性的	daily
4.	Packing of ready charcoal	结构性的	daily

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Technical employees	monthly salary	12.0	60000.0	720000.0	100.0
劳动力	Casual workers	monthly salary	3.0	20000.0	60000.0	100.0
植物材料	wood	tonne	3360.0	1200.0	4032000.0	100.0
植物材料	water
其它	permit		1.0	20000.0	20000.0	100.0
其它	electicity	amperes	180.0	267.0	48060.0	100.0
其它	water	litres	54000.0	0.8	43200.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					4923260.0

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Weather conditions may affect transportation of wood due to poor rural road condition
Power outages

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

是

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Marigat is heavily invaded by Prosopis which have out competed native vegetation and grasses, threatening biodiversity.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年降雨量		增加	适度

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	不好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

Although traditional charcoal production is widespread among the households in the community, the eco-friendly power generation technology has been adopted by only one private farm due to the initial high cost of acquiring machinery to carry out the operations

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Fast and efficient means of producing charcoal compared to traditional technologies as it produced 3 times the amount of charcoal from the same quantity of wood within 16 hours compared to 1 week.
Readily available raw materials at affordable price
A reliable source of income to the community members

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Environmentally friendly technology of utilizing Prosopis weed with reduced number of point sources for air pollution.
Improved community well-being through assured high income from the sale of Prosopis wood compared to their initial practice of tideous traditional charcoal burning and sale.
Potentiality in sustainably managing Prosopis / invasive species if integrated with other restorative land management strategies.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Poor roads and power shortages during rainy seasons hinders transportation of wood and charcoal production processes as reliance on a fuel generator increases production costs	Improving the road network
Corruption and associated assault by police during transportation of charcoal to the market.	Establishment of transparent and clear laws on legal requirements related to charcoal production activities
Unsteady regulatory and policy frameworks disrupting charcoal production

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Unsustainability in controlling invasive species	Integration with other land restoration measures to control re-invasion.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Spatial Evolution of Prosopis Invasion and its Effects on LULC and Livelihoods in Baringo, Kenya. Mbaabu et al. 2019.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11101217

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Experimental prosopis management practices and grassland restoration in three Eastern African countries. Eschen et al, 2023.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://doi.org/10.1186/s43170-023-00163-5

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Chapter 12. A REVIEW OF BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR THE CONTROL OF INVASIVE PROSOPIS TREES

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Forthcoming (Schaffner et al. 2024)