1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Carbon Benefits Project (CBP)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Water and Land Resource Centre Project (WLRC)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Bureau of Agriculture - Amhara Nation Regional State - Bahir Dar (amhboard) - 埃塞俄比亚

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - 瑞士

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Water and Land Resource Centre (WLRC) - 埃塞俄比亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Homestead development is a diverse, dynamic and interesting horticultural area; it appears as an agroforestry plot in a cultivated landscape surrounding it, and it is more productive than single cropping, since harvesting is continuous over a great portion of the growing season and beyond.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

1. Homestead development is a horticultural area, usually around a homestead, and consisting of trees (mango, avocado), bushes (citrus fruits, coffee, gesho (hops), chat, banana), while ground crops (vegetables, maize) are grown at the same time and on the same parcel of land.
2. The technology applies the principle of intercropping, i.e. two or more plant species are grown in close proximity, providing multiple outputs and yields, while combined applications and shared inputs are possible.
3. Economically, homestead development helps to reduce poverty through increased production, improved human nutrition through diverse species. It also reduces deforestation and pressure on wood land by providing fuelwood.
4. In order to make the land suitable for homestead development, market-oriented seeds or seedlings must be available, thus a nursery for seedling provision. farm equipment, adequate water (hand-dug well), and sufficient work power are preconditions.
5. Homestead development as a technology is both economic and environmental, as the agroforestry setup also serves for conservation of natural resources.
6. Land users like additional outputs from their small plots of land, including the variety of fruits and vegetables, the recreational area around their homes, and the availability of water in hand-dug wells that are needed for irrigation.
7. Nevertheless, land are aware that homestead development gardens need continuous follow-up and management, as well as intensive labour inputs.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2013

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农林业

注释:

Previous to the homestead development, the area was used for keeping livestock near the house, with some eucalyptus tees planted for construction and fuel wood. If the homestead garden is larger, it was previously also used for cultivating crops, and as grazing area.

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 是（请在技术实施前填写以下有关土地利用的问题）

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农林业

注释:

The homestead area was transformed from the above land uses to horticulture, while the 'old' land use system prevails in the surrounding area.

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

注释:

For irrigation small hand-dug wells are constructed, up to a depth of about 5 metres, while the water level is usually quite near the surface during the rainy season.

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学
• 家庭花园

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

1.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	preparation of shallow wells	during dry season (to get deepest ground water)
2.	improved fruit, vegetable and fodder seed(ling)s	during seed(ling) planting time
3.	establishment of nursery site in the garden	after crop harvesting
4.	preparation of the farm for plantation	after harvesting annual crop
5.	planting of seedlings	July to August during main rainy season
6.	continuous follow up and management practice performed	throughout the year

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	shallow well preparation (3 wells)	person-days	27.0	5.0	135.0	70.0
劳动力	farm preparation (first year)	person-days	12.0	5.0	60.0	100.0
设备	farming tools (first year)	pieces	6.0	4.0	24.0	60.0
植物材料	improved seed(ling)s	kg	5.0	3.0	15.0	50.0
肥料和杀菌剂	compost (first year)	m3	6.0	5.0	30.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	pesticides (first year)	litre	2.0	2.0	4.0	100.0
施工材料	stones (first year)	m3	6.0	5.0	30.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					298.0
技术建立总成本，美元					298.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Remaining costs were covered by the Agricultural Office

注释:

The labor cost for garden work is more expensive because it is difficult, strenuous, intensive and the working hours are longer.
The costs are mostly covered by the owner.

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	shallow well maintenance	once a year
2.	farm preparation (expansion)	throughout year
3.	weeding and plowing	throughout the year

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	shallow well maintenance	person-days	5.0	5.0	25.0	100.0
劳动力	farm preparation	person-days	11.0	5.0	55.0	100.0
劳动力	weeding and plowing	person-days	15.0	5.0	75.0	100.0
植物材料	improved seed(ling)s	kg	2.0	4.0	8.0	50.0
肥料和杀菌剂	compost	m3	7.0	5.0	35.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	pesticides	litre	2.0	3.0	6.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					204.0
技术维护总成本，美元					204.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Remaining costs were covered by the Agricultural Office

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Inflation rate fluctuations

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凹陷情况

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

A major source of pollution are sediments resulting from soil erosion on cultivated land, and excess runoff from overgrazed areas.

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Rent in and rent out in cultural norms

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 个人

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

具体说明:

Yezota (ownership right)

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	非常好
季节性温度	冬季	增加	非常好
年降雨量		增加	非常好
季雨量	湿季/雨季		非常好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	非常好
局地雷暴	非常好

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
流行病	非常好
昆虫/蠕虫侵扰	非常好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 11-50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
It helps fulfilling home consumption needs without incurring additional cost.
The water availability for irrigation has increased due to hand-dug wells.
It helps income diversification (from different fruits, vegetables and other crops such as chat)

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Increase of water table due to soil and water conservation on the land above the technology.
Creation of a conducive environment for the area.
Improvement of soil and water conservation practices.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
labor intensive, need continuous follow-up	use of family labour (female and children)
lack of research output to get more production from small parcel of land	improve link between farmers and researchers
lack of modern market linkages	create a market linkage before harvesting time

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
General lack of special attention for small scale farmers	Government should improve extension system for innovative small scale farmers

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

primary data

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

obtained from land users

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Homestead development

7.4 一般注释

The questionnaire is transparent and easy to understand even for a first-time user.