1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

Sustainable - Good at controlling soil erosion and can be replicated else where.

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Oranges (Citrus sinensis) and Mangoes (Mangifera indicate) integrated with beans are planted together in the same field to increase production and household income.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technology is promoted by small scale farmers in Northern Uganda to address soil degradation including soil erosion, low crop productivity and low-income challenges both on farm and at household level. The farmer identified land with average size of 0.6 acres situated on a gentle sloping area (3-5%), measuring 45m wide x 95 m long planted with mangoes spaced 10m × 10m and oranges spaced 4m x 5m integrated with beans, NABE 14 and K20. The beans were planted using a line spacing of 10cm within a line and 30cm between lines with 2-3 seeds per hole. The selected bean varieties are high yielding and marketable. The following are the labour and input requirements for establishing this technology: a hoe, a tape measure, seedlings, 4 people and a panga.
Integration of beans into an already grown mango and orange field is a good and profitable practice because decomposition of the plant litter increases yields of the beans (nitrogen fixing) and the cost incurred, for example in weeding is less compared to the costs which would be incurred when the three enterprises (oranges, mangoes and beans) are planted separately on the same land.
Generally, benefits from implementing this technology are slightly positive ranging from improved soil fertility due to plant litter, reduced soil erosion with the fruit trees providing shade to the beans. After harvesting the beans, the farmer uses the bean waste/ residues as mulching material for the orchard which subsequently decomposes to provide manure. Also the beans cover reduces the moisture evaporation from the soil, thus keeping the soil moist
However, oranges, mangoes and beans are affected by pests and diseases and in case of this; the farmer is likely to suffer since they are planted in one field. The role of the extension worker is very critical at this stage in providing extension advisory services on how to spray the fruit trees when they get affected.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2014

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Started on his own and later Operation Wealth Creation supported with training on how to space beans.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学
• 农畜综合管理
• 改良的地面/植被覆盖

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

UGX

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

3400.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	site selection planted with Oragnes and Mangoes	once before establishment
2.	Look for labour and required tools	Before establishment
3.	Look for bean seeds	Before establishment
4.	Digging holes	During establishment
5.	Planting seeds	During establishment

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	persons days paid on monthly basis	persons	4.0	150000.0	600000.0	100.0
设备	Hoe	pieces	4.0	10000.0	40000.0	100.0
设备	Tape measure	pieces	1.0	7000.0	7000.0	100.0
设备	Panga	pieces	2.0	7000.0	14000.0	100.0
植物材料	Bean seeds	kgs	100.0	2000.0	200000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Pestcide	litres	2.0	25000.0	50000.0	100.0
其它	Training	1	1.0	50000.0	50000.0	40.0
技术建立所需总成本					961000.0

注释:

Equipment are bought at the time of establishment. Work load reduces during maintenance. 60% of training (seeds, facilitation, extension agent) covered by Operation Wealth Creation.

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Weeding	Once in a season
2.	Spraying	Once in a season
3.	Harvesting	Once in a season

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	persons days on monthly basis	Persons	3.0	150000.0	450000.0	100.0
设备	Spraying pump	Pieces	1.0	75000.0	75000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					525000.0

注释:

Labour costs are for weeding, spraying and harvesting.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour takes most of the cost during establishing. The farmer only buys a spraying pump for maintenance.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凹陷情况

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Soils are dry during Dec -March.

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

He is a business man dealing in a small merchandize items (salt, soap, beans).

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年降雨量		增加	好
季雨量	湿季/雨季	增加	适度

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
流行病	适度

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

High costs for paying for labour and buying seed during establishment.

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

5

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 11-50%

注释:

Training offered by Operation Wealth Creation during integration of beans.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 气候变化/极端气候

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

Put in place a tree nursery.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Oranges provide shade for beans during sunshine.
Oranges provide staking materials for beans.
Easy to manage and improves fertility of the soil.
High yield with integration/ one crop as an alternative in case of crop failure.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Bean residues act as mulching material and its decomposition increases fertility and moisture of the soil.
Can be replicated elsewhere with other farmers.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Labour intensive: planting, wedding, watering and harvesting.	Work in groups. use family labour in addition to hired labour.
Easily affected by pests and diseases.	Spray early enough before attack. Seek guidance from the extension services on how to manage pests and diseases.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
High costs for purchase of seeds and labours.	Join small savings groups. Training on how farmers can have their own seeds and do it as a business.

7.1 信息的方法/来源