1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

Land distribution and allocation for riverbed farming [尼泊尔]

Riverbed farming provides landless and land-poor households with the possibility to earn an income from on-farm activities close to home

• 编制者： Shreedip Sigdel
• 08/25/2015 midnight

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Riverbed farming can be used to increase household income and to improve the food security of landless and land-poor households in the Terai area of Nepal.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

It is estimated that about 8,000 hectares of riverbed land would be suitable for agricultural cultivation in the Kailali and Kanchanpur Districts in the Western Terai areas of Nepal. After the river water recedes in the post-monsoon season, vegetables are planted in ditches dug into the seasonal sand banks; the crops are harvested before the onset of the next monsoon. In 2006, Elam Plus of HELVETAS Swiss Inter-cooperation Nepal, assessed local practices of riverbed farming and piloted an improved approach with 670 farmers, mostly from the indigenous Tharu community. During the first year they cultivated 43 hectares. Since the initial results indicated that riverbed farming could increase the target population’s income significantly, the programme was expanded from the initial two districts (Kailali and Kanchanpur) to two new districts (Banke, and Bardiya). The number of households was increased to 2000 in 2008 and 3165 in 2012 after the initiative won a Global Development Market Place award from the World Bank.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Requirements for riverbed farming:
• On average, the water table should not be lower than 1 m; when the water table is lower than this, too much labour is required.
• Plots are allocated perpendicular to the river flow in order to give each farmer access to a variety of land types (and moisture levels) suitable for different crops.
• Ditches are up to 1 m deep and 1 m wide. The length depends on how much land is available.
• A row-to-row spacing of 2–3 m (between the ditches) and plant-to-plant spacing of 0.5–1 m is required depending on the crop.
• The ditches are dug in an east-west orientation to maximize the amount of sunshine they receive and to minimise the collection of sand carried by the prevailing winds.
• Riverbed farmers can build shelters close to their plots so that they can be close at hand to fend off thieves and wild animals.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

农田

• 一年一作

年作 - 具体指明作物:

• 蔬菜 - 其他

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period from month to month: November to May

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Rivers in the Terai region change their course frequently and when they do, the adjacent lands are flooded. The riverbeds are flooded annually, while the riverbanks are only flooded during extreme events. The annually flooded riverbeds are seasonally dry (from September to May) and are a generally unused land resource. Landless and land- poor farmers can use this land to cultivate seasonal vegetables that are adapted to the environmental conditions prevalent on riverbeds.

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 改良的地面/植被覆盖

• use different type of land for cultivation

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

农艺措施

• A2：有机质/土壤肥力

结构措施

• S3：分级沟渠、渠道、水道

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

土壤水蚀

• Wr：河岸侵蚀

注释:

Main causes of degradation: floods

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Plots for riverbed farming are allocated perpendicular to the river flow and the ditches are dug in an east-west orientation.

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: increase / maintain water stored in soil, Support Income Generation

Secondary technical functions: improvement of ground cover, increase in organic matter, Stabilizes the soil

作者:

J Merz, AK Thaku

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.3 技术建立活动

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

4.5 维护/经常性活动

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

All costs and amounts are rough estimates by the technicians and authors.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is medium

Soil drainage / infiltration is good

Soil water storage capacity is low

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Ground water table: 30-50 m

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

• landless

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

收入和成本

其它社会经济效应

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

水文灾害

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: The majority of riverbed farmers among the first few groups to learn the technique continued riverbed farming after support for the project ended. In the third year, 55 of the original 61 groups were still farming on the riverbed even though they did not receive any agricultural inputs with the exception of support from the local resource persons. The local resource persons have organized themselves into an independent organisation that now provides technical support through the Micro Enterprise Development Fund and through individual channels. Now that Nepali farmers have started to farm the riverbeds in the Kailali and Kanchanpur Districts, the number of Indian farmers who previously farmed these riverbeds has drastically diminished.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Riverbed farming manual and local resource person training modules. Kathmandu, Nepal, HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation Nepal