1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Kathmandu University (KU) - 尼泊尔

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Technology for converting biodegradable waste into organic manure with the help of earthworms

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Vermicomposting or worm composting is a simple technique that is used to convert the biodegradable waste into organic manure with the help of earthworms or other worms. Great care should be given in the process, since it is prepared by earthworm and are very sensitive to the external environment. The compost prepared after vermicomposting may be much beneficial as a fertilizer. It has low capital cost and operating cost. It provides excellent employment, beside the best technology it is eco friendly.

Purpose of the Technology: This technology is mainly focused on management of 64% of organic waste produced everyday. It has contributed in vegetative waste management.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The establishment of this technology was taken into consideration after many researches a decade ago. Once the set up is made to perform a vermi culture the maintenance in 3-4 months in necessary. But the maintenance is not difficult as it can be done in a very small space.

Natural / human environment: For this culture to go on smoothly there exists some natural conditions. The moisture contents should be maintained in the vessel in addition to temperature not more than 28-32°C.
In addition the vermi composting should also be given adequate safety by human. The domestic animals and other should be kept far away from the area of composing because they would harm earthworm which plays te most important role in composting. The vessel shouldn't be more than 2 ft in height.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• access to fertilizer

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

major cash crop: Rice and potato
major food crop: Maize and cauliflower

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): - mixed household waste
- difficulty in separation of organic and inorganic waste.
-pollution created due to waste (vegetative and agricultural)
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): -crop productivity is limited by poor soil fertility
-intense cropping, and a scarcity of irrigation water
-decrease in the health of their crops and degraded soil conditions when chemical fertilizers are overused

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 土壤肥力综合管理
• 养蜂、养殖业、家禽业、养兔业、养蚕业等

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main causes of degradation: industrial activities and mining, Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts) (it cause erosion of top soil), population pressure
Secondary causes of degradation: soil management, crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub), change in temperature (denaturation of nutrients), inputs and infrastructure: (roads, markets, distribution of water points, other, …), governance / institutional

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	container with lid
2.	earthworm
3.	straw, paper or cloth

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
设备	Container with lid	pieces	1.0	62.5	62.5
设备	Earthworm	worms	625.0	0.02	12.5
设备	Straw, paper or cloth	kg	2.0	0.9	1.8
技术建立所需总成本					76.8
技术建立总成本，美元					76.8

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	moisture maintenance	once a day
2.	hatching	once in 3-4 months
3.	vegetative waste	added everyday for 1-2 months

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Moisture maintenance	persons/month	1.0	1.5	1.5
劳动力	Hatching	persons/3 month	1.0	1.5	1.5
设备	Vegetative waste	kg	2.0
技术维护所需总成本					3.0
技术维护总成本，美元					3.0

注释:

Costs calculated on the basis of earthworms used and some of the tools used.
The container used in Kathmandu metropolitan, Teku is of measurement 2.4384 m in length and 0.6096 m in width which gives about 500 kg of compost after few months.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The number of earthworm used for composting affect the cost.

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is very high
Soil drainage / infiltration is good
Soil water storage capacity is medium

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
10% of the land users are rich.
60% of the land users are average wealthy.
30% of the land users are poor.
Level of mechanization: Tractor use.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 团体
• 个人，未命名

• government

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 社区（有组织）

注释:

land and water resources are used fro communal property

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	不好

注释:

- more variety of earthworm.
- new design for the base formation.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

The vermi composting has many benefits compared to harms and is very economical in any way.

6.5 技术采用

注释:

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Management of solid waste, reduces cost of waste management.
utilization of organic waste.
helps to generate income.
very economical and gives best manure for food crops.
no much labour.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Vermi culture is not wide spread even within a community.	Awareness to a high priority is required.
No segregation from household level.	Governmental efforts should be given priority.
No sufficient market.	Priority from all the sectors is important.
Process can be quicker only in the presence of more labour.	Different technical support can help to make it quicker.
Vulnerable to environment pressure such as temp, drought, etc.	Regular maintenance is required.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Technical manuals:Community mobilization unitKathmandu Metropolitan

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Teku, Kathmandu