1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

2011

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Dynamic agroforestry systems are highly diversified farming systems which go through the different phases of the natural succession, from pioneer plant dominated stages up to primary trees dominated stages, were the different strata are used for different crops, and where pruning and selective weeding enhances the dynamic development of plant synergies.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The approach is different from simple agroforestry because it makes use of the different strata and stages of natural succession which it mimicks with crops and native plants that accumulate biomass and create shade and enabling conditions while crops are small. Main activities are pruning and selective weeding. Managing such a system requires a profound knowledge of locally adapted crops and the local vegeation, and also of plant growth dynamics. There is no general recipe as a dynamic agroforestry system looks different in each place, but there are universal agroecological principles such as the natural succession stages and biodiversity. Dynamic agroforestry is like other agroforestry systems useful to implement an efficient land-use system which does not necessarily degrade soils, water sources and biodiversity, while producing different goods (food, feed, construction material, medicines....) at different times of the year. Dynamic agroforestry have the specialty that the pioneer plants produce already in the first year (e.g. rice or corn), so that a hunger gap can be avoided until the main crop (e.g. cocoa) starts producing after several years. There is a long history of capacity building, field trials and farmers own experiments in different ecoregions of Bolivia. Farmer-to-farmer trainings have been used as well as NGO-led projects to install plots on farmers' lands. In Bolivia, different groups of farmers and NGOs started to use dynamic agroforestry after courses by Ernst Götsch from Brazil in Alto Beni in Bolivia with cocoa agroforestry systems in the 1990s. From there the knowledge spread constantly through different people experimenting, mainla in the sub-humid lowlands of the Amazon Basin, but also in semi-arid regions around Cochabamba. Today there are many exchanging events with interested farmers and experts fom other countries, and a larger dynamic agroforestry project in Cote D'Ivoire. There is also an annual international one-week course on dynamic agroforestry taking place in Bolivia led by the NGO Ecotop. NGO founders from different parts of the world who have long been living in Bolivia and manage agroforestry farms themselves have been playing an important role in advancing the approach by organizing courses and events, some scientists have conducted research on soil fertility, yields, pests and diseases, and many farmers have long-standing experience from experiments with dynamic agroforestry on their land.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 在实验/研究期间
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Exchange with agroforestry farmers from other places (e.g. Ernst Götsch, Bahia Brazil)

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 减缓气候变化及其影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Colonizers usually burn the forest and plant first rice, then plantain or papaya and then citrus monocultures. The land then degrades and yields decline, and the systems enter into a "fallow crisis". Successional or dynamic agroforestry allows for a permanent, low-external inputs landuse without soil degradation. Degraded soils have even been restored.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Great vulnerbaility of cash and food crops to drought (e.g. cocoa trees)

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Annual crops are grown in the rainy season

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

注释:

Implemented by "lighthouse" farmers, and participants of projects

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

For reasons of visibility, the vertical drawing only contains crops and not plants that are planted in between for biomass accumulation . The recommendations to install the plot are as follows:
plantain or banana every 4 m; another banana variety (mainly red banana) every 4m in alternating rows so that banana/plantain rows result with 2m distance; Pineapple between the banana and plantain rows every 0.3 m with 2m distance between the rows; hualuza (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) every 0.5m left and right to the rows with pineapple; sugar cane or maniok every 2m in the plantain/banan rows; papaya every 2m in the plantain/banana rows; fruit trees, timber trees and biomass-accumulating trees every 0.3m in the banana/plantain rows with a distance of 2m between rows; café every 2m in the banana/plantain rows; cocoa every 4m in the banana/plantain rows. Rice, Cajanus cajan, corn and hibiscus should be sown everywhere in between.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

BOB

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Plot establishment withour burning	植物性的	When the rains start
2.	selective weeding	农业学的	Every 3 months
3.	Pruning	农业学的	Before the rains start
4.	Harvesting	其它措施	Constant

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Implementing a dynamic agorofrestry plot with cocoa costs 3500-3600 BOB/ha, as compared to a cocoa monoculture with around 1400 BOB/ha. However, this expenditure is recovered during the first year through annual crops such as rice, causing a net gain in dynamic agroforestry plots of around 3000 BOB/ha whereas cocoa monocultures have a let loss of around 300 BOB in the first year (since there are no annual crops to sell).

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Selective weeding	农业学的	Every three months
2.	Pruning	农业学的	Before rains start
3.	Harvesting	其它措施	Continuous
4.	Replanting	植物性的	During rainy season

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

如果可能，按下表分解技术维护费用，并列明各项投入和每项投入的费用。如果您无法分解成本，给出维护该技术的总成本估算。:

1000.0

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Available labor

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凸形情况

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Ph: 6-7.8, P: 15-17.8 mg/kg, N: 0.12-0.18%, SOM: 1.2-1.8%, K: 0.12-0.8 cmolc/kg, CEC: 8.2-15.4 cmolc/kg (all 0-25 cm depth)

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

是

规律性:

偶然

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

The Tropical Andes which the Yungas of La Paz form part of, are a "hot spot of biodiversity"

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

有关影响评估的意见:

no specific

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
热浪	非常好
干旱	适度

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
流行病	适度

注释:

A main benefit related to climate change aspects according to the land users is that they can work in the shade.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 50-90%

注释:

Most have participated in a course and/or received some technical advice, but mostly without material incentives

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

其它（具体说明）:

Lack of in-depth knowledge

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

Simplified versions have been tried out (with less density and iversity of plants)

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Ecologically adapted, favorable working conditions (shade, cooler than full-sun systems), diversity of products

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Short-term (annual crops first year). mid-term (cocoa etc.) and long-term economic strategy when high-value timber trees are included (e.g. mahogany)

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Sometimes, yields are low. Produce cannot always be sold at a good price	Technical support, develop market access

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
If not well managed, returns are very low	Invest in good management practices, capacity building, develop markets for high-qualtiy products

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Milz, J. (1997) Guía para el establecimiento de Sistemas Agroforestales. DED La Paz.

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Yana W, Weinert H (2001) Ténicas de sistemas agroforestales multiestrato—manual prático. PIAF-El Ceibo, La Paz

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Schnatmann, A. (2006) Análisis Ecnómico de Rentabilidad - Parcelas Agroforestales Multiestrado. Interinstitucional Alto Beni

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Plaform of agroforestry activities

URL:

http://ecosaf.org/

标题/说明:

NGO working in the field of successional/dynamic agroforestry

URL:

http://www.ecotop-consult.de/approach_and_solutions/15/