1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Establishing National Land Use and Land Degradation Profile toward Mainstreaming SLM Practices in Sector Policies (ENALULDEP/SLM)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Department of Environment (DoE) - 孟加拉国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

The technology promotes the lifting of river water by pump sets and conveys the water through buried pipelines to a canal. The conserved canal water is used for irrigation delivered by low lift pumps (LLP). Because water is held in the canal it revitalises the ecosystem along its length. Furthermore, using river water for irrigation avoids dangers associated with groundwater depletion.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The project is sited at Sharmongla under Godagari Upazilla of Rajshahi district. The Sharmongla canal is located about 3.5 km away from the Padma river. Its total length is 29.0 km. Under this technology, water is lifted from the Padma river by pumps set on a pontoon. The lifted water is then discharged to a canal through underground pipelines. The water so discharged is lifted to the crop fields (delivery points) for irrigation. The elevation difference between the delivery points and the sourcing river is about 21 m. There are numbers of submerged weirs/dams constructed across the canal at different locations for conserving water: the water then helps regenerate the ecosystem along its banks and enriches the habitat.
Pontoon at a glance:
•Year of construction: 2004
•No. of centrifugal pumps at pontoon: 12
•Pump capacity: 50 m lifting height.
•Power of each pump: 60 HP
•Capacity of each pump: 2.5 cusec
•Total capacity of pump sets: 30 cusec
•Capacity of electric sub-station: 750 KW
•No. of discharge pipelines: 12

Sharmongla canal at a glance:
•Length of the canal: 29 km
•Average width of the canal: 15 m
•Average depth from ground level: 5 m
•No. of submerged weirs and dams within the canal: 14
•No. of LLP (low lift pump): 27 electrified and 6 solar pumps
•Total irrigated area: 1850 ha
•Benefiting farmers: 5330
•Harvest yield of rice per year: 20,500 metric tonnes (approx.)
•Afforestation on the canal bank: 65,500 trees

Purposes/objectives of the technology:
•The main purpose of the said technology is to provide water for irrigation. This prevents abstracting of groundwater, which has adverse effects on the environment: therefore this system is environment friendly.
• Enhancing groundwater recharge thereby supports ecosystem function.
•The storing of river water in irrigation canals supports the enrichment of the habitat.

Approach for implementing the technology:
There was no irrigation facility for crop production in this drought-prone area. Government officials came to the locality, discussed with the local community, elites, as well as the farmers. Finally, the local community was convinced about the technology. Then the irrigation system could be implemented in the area. On seeing the success of the technology, the same has been replicated on approx. 9400 ha. in Barind area, benefitting approx. 32,200 farmers.

Maintenance of the technology:
In case of problems, the respective mechanic of that area informs the Assistant Engineer through the Sub-Assistant Engineer. Thus the problem is solved by their own initiative. It is also monitored by the Executive Engineer of the respective District, and finally by the Executive Director from the headquarters if needed.

Crop cultivation:
Due to the application of the technology, previously fallow land has come under cultivation/irrigation facilities, mono-cropped land has been converted into multi-cropped land. Different crops, like rice, wheat, maize, mustard, pulses, potato, tomato, spices and other vegetables are cultivated.

Farmers’ acceptance:
The technology has been well accepted by the farmers, as uncultivated land has been brought under cultivation and different crops are now being cultivated year-round.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

The following project were providing the irrigation facilities in Barind region:
i) SEMP - Sustainable Environment Mgt. Project
ii) RWCP - Rain Water Conservation Project
iii) EIBA – Extension of Irrigation in Barind area through conservation water in canal

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农林业

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 是（请在技术实施前填写以下有关土地利用的问题）

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农林业

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学
• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）
• 地表水管理（泉、河、湖、海）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

There are two stages of harvesting water.
1 - from river water, which is not going directly to the field
2- water reserved in canals and supplied to the field
Para S10 - refers to saving conventional electricity by using solar power for distribution of water to fields

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Barind was driest part of Bangladesh. It was enhanced when groundwater abstraction increased to support cropping by irrigation. The reduction of the groundwater table enhanced the dry out of dug wells, which supported domestic consumption. Hence, aridification was prominent in the area. It is reported that after the application of this technology, there are indications of recharging of the groundwater. Due to the increase in vegetation, the local temperature tends to be cooler than before.

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

This technology helps reducing land degradation through using river water rather than groundwater for irrigation, thereby
preventing land degradation through increasing the vegetation cover on land.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

BDT

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

85.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Pontoon construction and installation on the river	60 days
2.	Pumps installation on the pontoon	30 days
3.	Construction of underground water distribution line	70 days
4.	Re-excavation of derelict canal	120 days
5.	Construction of submerged weir / dam	180 days
6.	LLP installation at the canal bank (27 nos)	150 days
7.	Solar pump installation (06 nos)	45 days
8.	Pre-paid meter installation at pump sites to collect irrigation charges (33 nos)	30 days
9.	Buried pipe line construction for irrigation at crop land sites	120 days

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
施工材料	Pontoon construction and installation on the river	1	1.0	5000000.0	5000000.0
施工材料	Construction of underground water distribution line	1	1.0	27800000.0	27800000.0
施工材料	Construction of submerged weir / dam	1	14.0	1600000.0	22400000.0
施工材料	Re-excavation of derelict canal	1	1.0	29000000.0	29000000.0
其它	Pre-paid meter installation at pump sites to collect irrigation charges	1	33.0	243000.0	8019000.0
其它	Solar pump installation	1	6.0	2000000.0	12000000.0
其它	LLP installation at the canal bank (27 nos)	1	8.0	2700000.0	21600000.0
其它	Pumps installation on the pontoon	1	12.0	1833000.0	21996000.0
其它	Buried pipe line construction for irrigation at crop land sites	1	1.0	23100000.0	23100000.0
技术建立所需总成本					170915000.0
技术建立总成本，美元					2010764.71

如果您无法分解上表中的成本，请估算建立该技术所需要的总成本。:

1439.02

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

none

注释:

Labor costs etc all included in construction, pipeline installation etc.

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Pontoon repair and maintenance	1/5years
2.	Pump repair and maintenance	As per requirement, 1/yr
3.	Distribution line maintenance	As per requirement, 1/yr
4.	Power station repair and maintenance	As per requirement, 1/yr
5.	Submerged weir / dam repair and maintenance	1/5yrs
6.	LLP repair and maintenance	2/yr or as and when necessary
7.	Buried pipe line repair and maintenance	1/6yrs, as and when necessary
8.	Prepaid meter repair	2-3/yr

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
设备	Prepaid meter repair	1	0.2	100000.0	20000.0
施工材料	Buried pipe line repair and maintenance	1	1.0	0.05	0.05
其它	Pontoon repair and maintenance	1	1.0	500000.0	500000.0
其它	Pump repair and maintenance (each)	1	1.0	20000.0	20000.0
其它	Distribution line maintenance	1	1.0	75000.0	75000.0
其它	Power station repair and maintenance	1	1.0	50000.0	50000.0
其它	Submerged weir / dam repair and maintenance (each)	1	1.0	200000.0	200000.0
其它	LLP repair and maintenance (each)	1	1.0	50000.0	50000.0
技术维护所需总成本					915000.05
技术维护总成本，美元					10764.71

如果您无法分解上表中的成本，请估算维护该技术所需要的总成本。:

11.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Land users share their participation in kinds and allowing installation of pipelines and other infrastructure

注释:

Land users were trained and they provided land for infrastructures. For example space for outlets and underground pipe installation. Practically they did not contribute any cash.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Pontoon construction, power supply and lining of the underground piping system.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

High Barind tract, mainly dissected (Closely & Broadly) terrace, soil pH is acidic, low in Nitrogen content, low CEC

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Area is above flood level

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 租赁
• 个人

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 租赁

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

减少气候和灾害风险

其它生态影响

对现场影响的评估（测量）进行具体说明:

In all a desert like Barind tract become green now.

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		减少	非常好
季节性温度	夏季	减少	非常好
年降雨量		增加	好
季雨量	夏季	增加	未知

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• > 50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

It could rather to explain as the beneficiaries of the technology. Truly a single land user or a group of land user will not able to install this type of system for multiple reasons. There are two components of this technology, one is the government institution who provided the scope of using surface water for irrigation and the second one are the land user who use the scope or facilities of irrigation system Here about 1800 farmers are involved to use surface water as their irrigation source.

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 91-100%

注释:

Most of the farmers of the area who has land adopted surface water for irrigation instead of ground water abstraction.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 劳动力可用性（例如，由于迁移）

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

where there are no canal for water storage , local ponds are used to reserve the surface water to irrigate land surrounding the pods and obviously where river water could not be reached.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Ensured crop production through irrigation
Reduced ground water irrigation and decrease ground water depletion.
Increased work facility at project area

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Improved socio-economic condition of beneficiaries
Increased ground water recharge
Increased fish cultivation and duck farming at the canal

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Scope of individual level implementation is very limited	Community approach will facilitate the SLM implementation etc.
Maintenance, distribution and regulation of water etc have no control of the beneficiaries	Capacity of the beneficiaries to be developed

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Source of lifting water points may be shifted in the long run	Efficiencies of irrigation water supply need more attention with demand and supply.
Weak linkage with beneficiaries	Integrated approach needed to include community and implementing agencies.
Crops with high water demand may not sustain in the long run	Appropriate crop and cropping patterns are to be adopted with crop zoning
Increasing cropping intensity leads to deficiency of soil nutrients	Monitoring of soil health essential for this region.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Project documents

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Available in BMDA

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Questionnaires on Tecnologies (QT)

URL:

www.wocat.net

标题/说明:

Sustainable land management (SLM)

URL:

https://knowledge.unccd.int/topics/sustainable-land-management-slm

标题/说明:

Achieving Land Degradation Neutrality at the country level

URL:

https://knowledge.unccd.int/topics/land-degradation-neutrality

7.4 一般注释

Excellent