1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

European Interreg project FABulous Farmers

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Silvopastoral Agroforestry in a natural farmed environment – This is an alley cropping system with rows of Perry pears and timber trees inter-planted with coppiced willow and alder. The pasture in between the rows is mob grazed with young dairy stock.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Background: The agroforestry system is part of a mixed farm of 630 hectares. 550 hectares are rented on a three generation tenancy. The farmer is the second generation. The trees are planted on the 80 hectares owned by the farmer. The annual rainfall for the region is approximatly 630mm per year with a typical temperate UK climate. The soil is heavy clay on a flat landscape.

The system: The field is 19 hectares. The trees are planted in rows which are 27 m apart. There is a main species in each row, planted at 10 m spacing. These are inter-planted with smaller trees, or species that will be coppiced/pollarded to maintain a small form. The main species are: Perry pear (a small pear that is a cross between Pyrus communis and its wild subsp. pyraster – used to make the alcoholic drink “Perry”). We have also some species planted for timber Quercus robur, Sorbus torminalis, Carpinus betula, Prunus avium. The inter-plant species are Salix various sp., Alnus glutinosa. These will be used either for animal fodder or for chipping and used as a mulch or for spreading on the land as soil health improver. There are also some Hippophae rhamnoides for human consumption. The alleys between the rows of trees are grazed by young dairy stock on a mob grazing rotational basis.

Aims: The aim is to improve soil and drainage in the field which is heavy clay. We hope to improve productivity but also have designed the system that we can grow crops in the future if we wanted to. The trees will also provide benefit to the cows through shelter and shade, and the inter-plants of willow and alder grow through diverse forage.

Tree protection: Fencing was our major challenge. There needed to be protection from the livestock but also from wildlife (in particular deer and hares). Our initial trial used individual guards and stakes but we have since fenced each side of each row with a single strand of electric fencing. This is working well.

Benefits: This is newly planted but already we are seeing improvement in the grass ley through our rotational grazing. Water quality into the nearby stream and infiltration improved and flooding should also improve. We have seen an immediate increase in wildlife with greater numbers of hares, raptors (including kestrels, red kites and buzzards), and butterflies. The farm manager likes the ability to mob graze, although the system was complicated to set up. It is too early to comment on further benefits at this stage.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2017

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域
• 减缓气候变化及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响

• improve animal welfare

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 林牧业

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 是（请在技术实施前填写以下有关土地利用的问题）

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Trees not irrigated. Cattle mainly by water troughs.

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学
• 农畜综合管理

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

British pound

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

0.73

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Trench dug with tillage machinery to plant each row of trees	Autumn
2.	Tree standards (bought from tree nursery) planted by hand in trench spaces 2m apart	Winter
3.	Fencing installed by hand as single strand electric along either side of each row of trees	Spring
4.	Mulch added to base of trees using tractor to surpress weeds, provide fertiliser and keep moisture in soil	Spring

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

如果您无法分解上表中的成本，请估算建立该技术所需要的总成本。:

14500.0

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Mulching each year at base of trees	Yearly (first 3 years)
2.	Strimming grass and weeds between trees where livestock are exluded from area by fencing	Yearly (first 5 years)
3.	Light pruning or training by hand where required	Yearly (first 5 years)

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

如果您无法分解上表中的成本，请估算维护该技术所需要的总成本。:

1500.0

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Type of tree, type of fencing and weather related impacts.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

是

规律性:

偶然

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Surface water flooding due to poor drainage, one aim of intervention is to help improve this.

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 租赁

用水权:

• 租赁

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

具体说明:

550 hectares rented, 80 hectares owned by the farmer

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

对场外影响（测量）的评估进行具体说明:

N/A

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
季节性温度	夏季	增加	好
季雨量	夏季	增加	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

Technology very recently implemented so cost-benefit is still unknown. Currnetly not viewed negitivly, yet benefits are still to be understood.

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 91-100%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Change in grazing regime from large pasture to rotational grazing between tree lines has additional benefits for improved pasture and animal wealfare with less requirement to worm using antibiotics.
Initial observations of improved water infiltration due to better infiltration by trees rooting system

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Future opportunity of land and business diversification
Increase in biodiversity evident already and would expect further improvements.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Tree loss due to weather extremes (i.e. loss of young tree stock in 2018 summer drought)	Mulching, irrigation, earlier planting, improved placement of tree stock on edge of sub-soil slot where less soil drying occurs compared to centre of slot.
Perenial weed control poor using just wood chip mulch	Increased strimming management of the growth around trees where livestock cannot reach due to fencing.
Time investment against other commitments (i.e. priority of broader farm systems when attention to new technology is required)	Forward planning and improved communcation between the farm team is vital to ensure a sufficient amount of time is provided for attending to and learning about a new technology.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Overall costs against short-term return	Secure funding to enable longer-term return.

7.1 信息的方法/来源