1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

NCCR North-South (NCCR North-South) - 吉尔吉斯斯坦

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Degraded communal pastureland without grazing management and sufficient waterpoints

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

A communal pastureland of 150 -200 hectares is located at the foothill and the riverbank. Around 60 households let their livestock of totally 100 cows and some 400 sheep and goats graze there. The livestock is divided into three groups. Each group is meant to graze at different places in the pastureland. As there is no water point higher up in the pasture area, livestock graze near the village where a water point is installed. Due to this the riverbed, which is already poor in vegetation, is totally overgrazed. Every family is looking after a herd for a day every two month.

Purpose of the Technology: The aim is to install more water points higher up in the pastureland to decrease pressure on soil and vegetation cover by improving rotation within the pastureland. The whole land is overgrazed and livestock numbers are increasing, which is why controlled pasture management could be expected to decrease the degradation process. Nevertheless, more vegetation would be available for feeding livestock and the journey to the next water point shortened thus saving the heard’s energy. As nobody feels responsible for the pasture, nobody is responsible for pasture. No controlled grazing or rotation plan exists at Jamoat level. The farmers do not organise which parts have been grazed and could be grazed next. The livestock owners pay very small rent so they do not value the pastureland and no money is available to implement projects (like installing water points).

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Each of the 60 households is paying 10-12 Somoni per year for grazing their cattle on the communal grazing land. Rent is paid per household not per amount of livestock. The total amount of pasture fees collect in Chukurak village is 600-700 Somoni per year. Neither establishment costs, nor investment or maintenance activities are done.

Natural / human environment: Pastureland extends from the village in the valley, to the foothills. Half of the grazing area is on the riverbed and fan with very poor vegetation cover. The foothills show a high percentage of overgrazed, trampled, eroded area. Except for the water point near the village, no water and shady points exist for resting livestock. Three small water sources existed before, two of them where covered by the floods in spring of the current year. The other source produces a negligible amount of drinking water. 60 households graze their livestock, which totals 100 cows and 400 small livestock. Every household is responsible to graze the herd one day every two month. Except that, no management exists between the families and Jamoat.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.7 技术介绍

注释（项目类型等）:

No technology is developed, 2.3.2 is hypothetical

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保持/提高生物多样性

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Livestock density (if relevant):

> 100 LU /km2

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Overgrazing, soil compaction, soil and gully erosion, increasing vegetation cover and hence lower resilience for disaster risks

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Decreasing vegetation cover, increasing disaster risk, decreasing flood and drought resilience, rill and gully formation
No water acces in the upper part of the pastureland

Semi-nomadism / pastoralism: cow, sheep, goat

Grazingland comments: semi-nomadism within an delimited communal area, intensive pastoralism due to overgrazing
Area is of some 200 ha, but livestock is mostly in lower part of the area because of no available water in the higher zone

Type of grazing system comments: semi-nomadism within an delimited communal area, intensive pastoralism due to overgrazing
Area is of some 200 ha, but livestock is mostly in lower part of the area because of no available water in the higher zone

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 180 Longest growing period from month to month: March-Sept

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 畜牧业和牧场管理

• Rotational grazing

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Somoni

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

4.83

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Rehabilitation labour (regarding structural measures for DDR for riverbed stabilisation or trees planting) is more cost intensive than preventive measures as pasture management.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Landforms: Footslopes (ranked 1, possible Technologies: riverbed protection, gabions, rotational grazing ) and hill slopes (ranked 2, possible Technologies: rotational grazing, trees planting)
Slopes on average: Hilly (ranked 1, hills between 18 and 28%), rolling (ranked 2, fan) and moderate (ranked 3, fan near settlements)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: Low
Soil drainage/infiltration: Poor
Soil water storage capacity: Very low

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Availability of surface water: Poor/none (in spring timemore water available)

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 1% - 2%

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄

土地使用权:

• 租赁

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

注释:

Land ownership is based on Land user certificates

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	不好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	不好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	不好

注释:

Improved vegetation cover, improved infiltration, slope stabilization and natural disaster resilience
Install water points higher up, rotate within the grazing land and less energy needed by livestock, which leads also to less overgrazing

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Establish rotational grazing, which would not be expensive and does not require further equipment except of organizational tasks. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Empower communication and decision-making between the farmers by regular meetings or round tables on community level

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Importance of rotational grazing depends on Jamoat and farmers level	Strengthen communication between Jamoat and Farmer through consultancy, meetings etc. Farmers, as tenants, should also get a voice.
Pastureland rent is too cheap and it is not valued. There is no incentive to change, because nobody feels responsible for that area.	Increase the rent and discuss communally where the money should be spent (e.g. for water points).
Pasture management does not show benefits immediately, which makes it difficult to evidence good management.	Awareness raising and increasing knowledge of the short and long-term benefits.
Installation of water points is crucial, but very costly and hard work.	Awareness rising and find alternatives of investing in livestock.
Livestock number should decrease, but it is socioeconomically very important and demands a lot of time to change this attitude.

7.1 信息的方法/来源